1. What is the scientific term for a broken bone?

A. Osteoporosis
B. Fracture
C. Sprain
D. Dislocation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Fracture.' A fracture is the scientific term used to describe a broken bone. Osteoporosis (A) is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. A sprain (C) is an injury to a ligament, not a bone. A dislocation (D) occurs when the bones in a joint are forced out of their normal position, but it is not the term for a broken bone.

2. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, helps regulate the body's response to stress, including increasing blood pressure and suppressing the immune system?

A. Aldosterone
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol
D. Insulin

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress. It helps regulate blood pressure by increasing it to prepare the body for stressors. Additionally, cortisol suppresses the immune system to prioritize the stress response. Aldosterone, while also produced by the adrenal glands, primarily regulates electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Epinephrine, produced by the adrenal medulla, is involved in the fight-or-flight response but does not suppress the immune system like cortisol. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels and is not directly involved in the stress response. Therefore, Cortisol is the hormone that specifically helps regulate the body's response to stress by increasing blood pressure and suppressing the immune system.

3. A nurse needs to dilute 2 milliliters of a concentrated medication with 8 milliliters of sterile water. What is the final concentration of the solution in percent?

A. 16.67%
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 50%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Calculate the total volume of the solution (2 ml + 8 ml = 10 ml). Then, divide the volume of the concentrated medication by the total volume and multiply by 100%: (2 ml / 10 ml) * 100% = 20%.

4. Which term describes the ability of a substance to conduct electricity?

A. Reactivity
B. Density
C. Conductivity
D. Viscosity

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Conductivity refers to a substance's ability to conduct electricity. Substances that conduct electricity well are known as conductors.

5. Which statement best summarizes the main argument of the passage?

A. Smart cities are a revolutionary solution to all urban challenges.
B. Technology alone can fix modern cities' problems.
C. Smart cities offer potential but require careful consideration of data privacy and ethical implications.
D. Traditional city planning methods are superior to implementing smart technology.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage acknowledges both the potential and concerns surrounding smart cities, making it the most accurate summary.