1. What is the scientific term for a broken bone?

A. Osteoporosis
B. Fracture
C. Sprain
D. Dislocation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Fracture.' A fracture is the scientific term used to describe a broken bone. Osteoporosis (A) is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. A sprain (C) is an injury to a ligament, not a bone. A dislocation (D) occurs when the bones in a joint are forced out of their normal position, but it is not the term for a broken bone.

2. Which term describes the ability of a muscle to return to its original length and shape after being stretched or contracted?

A. Contractility
B. Elasticity
C. Extensibility
D. Excitability

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Elasticity." Elasticity is the term that describes the ability of a muscle to return to its original length and shape after being stretched or contracted. Contractility refers to the muscle's ability to contract forcefully, extensibility is the ability of a muscle to be stretched without being damaged, and excitability is the ability of a muscle to respond to stimuli. In this context, elasticity specifically pertains to the muscle's ability to bounce back to its original form, making it the most appropriate term in relation to the question.

3. The epiglottis is a small flap of cartilage located near the base of the tongue. What is its role during swallowing?

A. Initiates the swallowing reflex
B. Grinds food into smaller pieces
C. Covers the trachea to prevent food aspiration
D. Stores saliva for lubrication

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The epiglottis is a crucial anatomical structure that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food aspiration. When we swallow, the epiglottis folds over the trachea, directing food and liquids down the esophagus instead of entering the airway. This action helps to ensure that the food and liquids go to the stomach for digestion and not into the lungs, which can lead to aspiration pneumonia, a serious condition. Therefore, option C, 'Covers the trachea to prevent food aspiration,' is the correct role of the epiglottis during swallowing.

4. Which of the following is a strong acid?

A. Acetic acid (CHâ‚ƒCOOH)
B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
C. Citric acid
D. Carbonic acid (Hâ‚‚COâ‚ƒ)

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, meaning it completely ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ions. The other choices are weak acids.

5. Which of the following colligative properties refers to the elevation of the boiling point of a solution?

A. Freezing point depression
B. Vapor pressure lowering
C. Osmotic pressure
D. Boiling point elevation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Freezing point depression. Colligative properties are properties that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution, not the type of solute. Freezing point depression is the phenomenon where the freezing point of a solvent is lowered when a solute is added, while boiling point elevation is the opposite effect where the boiling point of a solution is raised. Therefore, the question specifically asked for the colligative property that refers to the elevation of the boiling point, making "Freezing point depression" the correct answer.

6. What skin condition is characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches?

A. Eczema
B. Psoriasis
C. Melanoma
D. Keloid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Eczema. Eczema is a common skin condition that is characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches on the skin. It is often triggered by environmental factors or allergies and can vary in severity. Psoriasis (option B) is also a skin condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin, but it is typically thicker and more silver or white in color compared to eczema. Melanoma (option C) is a type of skin cancer that usually presents as a new mole or a changing mole on the skin, rather than red, itchy patches. Keloid (option D) is a raised scar that can result from an overgrowth of scar tissue. Therefore, the most appropriate answer to this question is A: Eczema, based on the description of red, itchy, and inflamed patches.