Nursing Elites

1. The unit for measuring luminous flux, which describes the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye, is:

• A. Candela
• B. Lumen
• C. Lux
• D. Hertz

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lumen. Luminous flux is the measure of the total quantity of visible light emitted by a source per unit time, measured in lumens. The candela (A) is the unit for luminous intensity, lux (C) is the unit for illuminance (luminous flux per unit area), and Hertz (D) is the unit for frequency. Therefore, in this question, the unit for measuring luminous flux is the lumen, as it specifically quantifies the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye.

2. What is the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?

• A. To trap dust particles
• B. To increase lung compliance
• C. To produce mucus
• D. To generate oxygen during respiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To increase lung compliance.' Surfactant is a substance produced by the alveolar cells in the lungs that reduces surface tension within the alveoli. This helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing, making it easier for the lungs to expand and contract during breathing. This action increases lung compliance, which is the ease with which the lungs can be inflated. Trapping dust particles (A) is the role of mucus and cilia in the respiratory system. Surfactant does not produce mucus (C) but rather acts to reduce surface tension. Generating oxygen (D) is the function of the respiratory system as a whole through the process of respiration, and surfactant does not play a direct role in this process.

3. He discusses the goal of the department. Which of the following statements is a goal?

• A. Increase the patient satisfaction rate
• B. Eliminate the incidence of delayed administration of medications
• C. Establish rapport with patients.
• D. Reduce response time to two minutes.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A, 'Increase the patient satisfaction rate,' is a goal because it represents an objective that the department aims to achieve. Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of quality care and reflects the department's commitment to providing excellent service. In contrast, options B, C, and D are more focused on specific actions or strategies rather than overarching goals. Eliminating delayed medication administration, establishing rapport with patients, and reducing response time are important tasks that may contribute to achieving the goal of increasing patient satisfaction, but they are not goals in themselves. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate choice as it directly addresses the department's ultimate objective of enhancing patient satisfaction.

4. What type of energy is stored in food?

• A. Mechanical energy
• B. Kinetic energy
• C. Chemical potential energy
• D. Thermal energy

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Food stores energy in the form of chemical potential energy, which can be released during metabolic processes.

5. Which molecule allows for the selective passage of materials into and out of the cell?

• A. DNA
• B. Protein
• C. Carbohydrate
• D. Phospholipid bilayer

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the phospholipid bilayer. The phospholipid bilayer is the main component of the cell membrane, which acts as a selective barrier allowing certain molecules to pass through while blocking others. Its structure consists of hydrophilic heads facing outward towards the aqueous environments inside and outside the cell, while the hydrophobic tails face inward creating a semi-permeable barrier. DNA (A) is the genetic material of the cell and is located within the nucleus, not involved in material passage. Proteins (B) and carbohydrates (C) are important components of the cell membrane and play various roles, but they do not directly control the selective passage of materials in and out of the cell.

6. What is the medical term for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

• A. Nephritis
• B. Cystitis
• C. Urethritis
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' A urinary tract infection (UTI) can affect different parts of the urinary system. Nephritis refers to inflammation of the kidneys, cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder, and urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra. Therefore, all of these terms can be used to describe a UTI depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. It's important to differentiate between these terms to accurately diagnose and treat UTIs.

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