1. Which of the following is NOT a typical component of healthy semen?

A. Sperm
B. Fructose (sugar)
C. Prostaglandins
D. Urine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Urine. Semen is a mixture of fluids from various glands in the male reproductive system. It typically contains sperm, fructose (sugar) to provide energy for the sperm, and prostaglandins to aid in sperm motility. Urine is not a normal component of healthy semen. It is important to note that urine and semen travel through different pathways in the male body, and they should not mix. Therefore, the presence of urine in semen would indicate a potential issue or infection in the urinary system. Understanding the components of healthy semen is crucial for assessing male reproductive health and fertility.

2. Which hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates the production of milk in mammary glands during breastfeeding?

A. Growth hormone (GH)
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C. Prolactin
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands during breastfeeding. It plays a crucial role in lactation by promoting the growth and development of the mammary glands and initiating the production of milk. Growth hormone (GH) regulates growth and metabolism, not milk production. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland, not mammary glands. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in reproductive processes, not milk production. Therefore, prolactin is the hormone directly responsible for stimulating milk production during breastfeeding.

3. Which additional information would be MOST relevant to the passage's argument?

A. A detailed biography of a historical figure with no analysis of their impact on society.
B. A timeline of technological advancements throughout history with no connection to social consequences.
C. A case study of how historical knowledge informed the development of a successful solution to a contemporary problem.
D. A statistical analysis of economic trends without any reference to historical events or context.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choice C aligns with the passage's theme by demonstrating how historical knowledge directly impacted a contemporary solution, further supporting the argument for history's value.

4. What property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in its state?

A. Mass
B. Volume
C. Density
D. Weight

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Mass remains constant for a given amount of matter, regardless of its state (solid, liquid, or gas) or its location in the universe. Explanation of other options:

5. What is the scientific name for the kneecap?

A. Patella
B. Femur
C. Tibia
D. Fibula

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The patella, commonly known as the kneecap, is a small, flat, triangular bone that sits at the front of the knee joint. It protects the joint from impact and helps to transmit force from the quadriceps muscle to the tibia (shinbone).

6. What is the main difference between a nuclear reactor and a nuclear bomb?

A. Reactors use enriched uranium, while bombs use natural uranium.
B. Reactors have controlled chain reactions, while bombs have uncontrolled chain reactions.
C. Reactors generate electricity, while bombs cause explosions.
D. Reactors use moderators, while bombs don't.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The key difference lies in the control of the fission chain reaction. Reactors have controlled reactions for energy generation, while bombs have rapid, uncontrolled reactions creating explosions.