ATI TEAS 7
physics
1. Which property of a substance describes its ability to conduct heat or electricity?
- A. Mass
- B. Density
- C. Reactivity
- D. Conductivity
Correct answer: d
Rationale: Conductivity refers to a substance's ability to conduct heat or electricity.
2. Which neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation, and is often implicated in conditions such as addiction?
- A. Acetylcholine
- B. Dopamine
- C. Serotonin
- D. GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Correct answer: b
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is commonly associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation. It plays a crucial role in the brain's reward system and is often implicated in conditions such as addiction. Dopamine is released in response to rewarding stimuli, reinforcing behaviors that lead to pleasure. Acetylcholine is involved in muscle contraction and memory, not pleasure and reward. Serotonin is known for regulating mood and emotions, while GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps reduce neural activity. Therefore, dopamine is the neurotransmitter most closely linked to pleasure, reward, and motivation in the brain.
3. Neon (Ne). Both He and Ne belong to Group 18 (Noble Gases) due to their complete and stable outer electron shells.
- A. Electromagnetism
- B. Gravity
- C. Strong nuclear force
- D. Weak nuclear force
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Strong nuclear force. This incredibly powerful force overcomes the repulsive electrostatic force between protons and binds the nucleus together.
4. Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the inner lining of the stomach?
- A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- B. Diverticulitis
- C. Ulcerative colitis
- D. Gastritis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, gastritis. Gastritis refers to the inflammation of the inner lining of the stomach, which can be caused by various factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, prolonged use of NSAIDs, or bacterial infections like H. pylori. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, not inflammation of the stomach lining. Diverticulitis is inflammation of small pouches that can develop in the colon, while ulcerative colitis is inflammation in the large intestine. Therefore, gastritis best fits the description of inflammation in the inner lining of the stomach.
5. Which of the following is a common characteristic of alkynes?
- A. They have a triple bond between carbon atoms.
- B. They are saturated hydrocarbons.
- C. They contain only single bonds.
- D. They are aromatic compounds.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. This triple bond is a distinctive feature of alkynes, distinguishing them from alkanes (which contain only single bonds) and alkenes (which contain at least one double bond). Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons due to the presence of the triple bond. Aromatic compounds, on the other hand, have a specific cyclic structure with resonance stabilization, which is not a characteristic of alkynes.
6. What is the periodic law?
- A. The statement that the properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
- B. The statement that the elements can be arranged in a table in which elements with similar properties are grouped together
- C. The statement that the elements can be arranged in a table in which the atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus
- D. The statement that the elements can be arranged in a table in which the atomic mass of an element is equal to the number of neutrons in its nucleus.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The periodic law states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers. This means that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their properties. This forms the basis for the modern periodic table. Option B describes the periodic table itself, while options C and D do not accurately describe the periodic law.
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