Nursing Elites

1. Which element makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere?

• A. Nitrogen
• B. Oxygen
• C. Carbon dioxide
• D. Argon

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, crucial for plant life and maintaining the planet's temperature balance.

2. In the phrase "a drop in the bucket," "bucket" represents:

• A. A literal container
• B. A large quantity
• C. A specific goal
• D. An obstacle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The phrase signifies that something is insignificant compared to a much larger amount.

3. What is the primary factor that determines whether a solute will dissolve in a solvent?

• A. Temperature
• B. Pressure
• C. Molecular structure
• D. Particle size

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The molecular structure of the solute and solvent plays a key role in determining solubility. The other choices may influence solubility but are not the primary determining factor.

4. How does the structure of centromeres contribute to chromosome movement during mitosis?

• A. The centromere provides a binding site for spindle fibers, allowing chromosomes to be attached and manipulated.
• B. The centromere serves as a dividing point between sister chromatids, ensuring their separation during anaphase.
• C. The centromere maintains chromosome stability by preventing chromosomal breaks and rearrangements.
• D. The centromere plays a role in DNA replication, ensuring accurate copying of the genetic material.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) The centromere provides a binding site for spindle fibers, which are microtubules that help move chromosomes during cell division. This attachment allows the chromosomes to be pulled towards opposite poles of the cell during mitosis. Therefore, the structure of centromeres directly contributes to chromosome movement during mitosis by facilitating the attachment and manipulation of chromosomes by the spindle fibers. B) While the centromere does serve as a dividing point between sister chromatids, ensuring their separation during anaphase, this function is more related to the segregation of chromosomes rather than their movement. C) The centromere does play a role in maintaining chromosome stability by ensuring proper chromosome segregation, but it is not primarily responsible for preventing chromosomal breaks and rearrangements. D) The centromere is not directly involved in DNA replication. Its main function is

5. You design an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new fertilizer. Which of the following factors would be considered a dependent variable?

• A. The type of fertilizer used
• B. The size and age of the plants
• C. The amount of plant growth observed
• D. The cost of the fertilizer per unit

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The dependent variable is the factor that is being measured or observed in an experiment. In this case, the amount of plant growth observed is the variable that is being influenced by the independent variable, which is the type of fertilizer used. The size and age of the plants (option B) could potentially be controlled variables, while the type of fertilizer used (option A) is the independent variable being tested. The cost of the fertilizer per unit (option D) is not directly related to the plant growth being measured in this experiment.

6. During exercise, heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen to the body's tissues. What other cardiovascular response also increases?

• A. Blood pressure decreases
• B. Blood vessel diameter narrows
• C. Blood flow to muscles increases
• D. Blood viscosity thickens

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Blood pressure decreases.' When the heart rate increases during exercise to deliver more oxygen to the body's tissues, the blood pressure also tends to decrease. This is due to the enhanced efficiency of the heart in pumping blood, resulting in a lower pressure exerted on the blood vessel walls. In contrast, options B and D are incorrect as blood vessel diameter typically widens (dilates) during exercise to facilitate increased blood flow, and blood viscosity does not usually thicken during exercise. Option C is a distractor as blood flow to muscles indeed increases during exercise to meet the higher demand for oxygen and nutrients.

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