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Nursing Elites

ATI TEAS 7

Anatomy

1. What is the name of the muscular ring that controls the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardiac sphincter. The cardiac sphincter, also known as the lower esophageal sphincter, is the muscular ring located at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach. It controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach by opening and closing to prevent reflux of stomach contents back into the esophagus. The other options are incorrect: A) The pyloric sphincter is located at the junction between the stomach and the small intestine, controlling the passage of food from the stomach into the small intestine. C) The ileocecal valve is located between the small intestine and the large intestine. D) The Sphincter of Oddi is located in the duodenum and regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it specifically relates to the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach.

2. The unit for measuring luminous flux, which describes the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye, is:

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lumen. Luminous flux is the measure of the total quantity of visible light emitted by a source per unit time, measured in lumens. The candela (A) is the unit for luminous intensity, lux (C) is the unit for illuminance (luminous flux per unit area), and Hertz (D) is the unit for frequency. Therefore, in this question, the unit for measuring luminous flux is the lumen, as it specifically quantifies the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye.

3. What is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate called?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate. This occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first step in cellular respiration. B) Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or glycerol, and is the opposite of glycolysis. C) The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and is involved in the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to produce ATP and other energy carriers. D) Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration where ATP is produced through the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain.

4. Which word completes the sentence: "Despite the storm, the concert ____ went on."

Correct answer: D

Rationale: "Nonetheless" emphasizes the continuation of the concert despite the contrary circumstance.

5. Which property of a substance refers to its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances?

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Reactivity refers to a substance's ability to undergo chemical changes, forming new substances with different properties.

6. A study finds a link between increased sugar intake and obesity. Does this confirm sugar causes obesity?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Correlation suggests a link, but other factors might contribute. Further research is needed to establish the direction and strength of any causal relationship.

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