Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?

• A. High blood pressure
• B. High levels of LDL cholesterol
• C. Regular physical activity
• D. Smoking

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Regular physical activity is NOT a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis. In fact, engaging in regular physical activity can help reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis by improving cardiovascular health, lowering blood pressure, and reducing LDL cholesterol levels. High blood pressure, high levels of LDL cholesterol, and smoking are all known risk factors for atherosclerosis. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup. High levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to the accumulation of plaque in the arteries, narrowing the passageways and increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. Smoking is harmful to blood vessels, promoting inflammation and the formation of plaque. Therefore, regular physical activity is actually a protective factor against atherosclerosis rather than a risk factor.

2. A person who carries a pathogen but does not exhibit any symptoms is considered:

• A. Asymptomatic carrier
• B. Opportunistic pathogen
• C. Nosocomial infection
• D. Vector-borne disease

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: An asymptomatic carrier is a person who carries a pathogen (such as a virus or bacterium) but does not show any symptoms of the infection themselves. Despite not exhibiting symptoms, asymptomatic carriers can still spread the pathogen to others, potentially causing illness in those who come into contact with them. This term specifically refers to individuals who are infected but do not develop symptoms, distinguishing them from symptomatic carriers who do show signs of the infection. Option A is the most appropriate choice in this context as it accurately describes a person who carries a pathogen without displaying symptoms. B) Opportunistic pathogen: This term refers to pathogens that typically do not cause disease in healthy individuals but can become pathogenic in individuals with weakened immune systems. C) Nosocomial infection: This term refers to infections that are acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility. D) Vector-borne disease: This term refers to diseases

3. A medication order is written as 3/4 of a tablet. If each tablet is 500mg, what is the equivalent dosage in milligrams?

• A. 375mg
• B. 425mg
• C. 450mg
• D. 475mg

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Multiply the tablet strength (500mg) by the fractional dose (3/4) to get 375 milligrams.

4. What are the building blocks of proteins?

• A. Sugars
• B. Fatty acids
• C. Amino acids
• D. Nucleotides

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Proteins are macromolecules made up of long chains of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are linked together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into specific three-dimensional structures to carry out various functions in the body. Sugars (A) are the building blocks of carbohydrates, fatty acids (B) are the building blocks of lipids, and nucleotides (D) are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.

5. Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the brain?

• A. Dorsal root
• B. Ventral root
• C. Gray matter
• D. White matter

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dorsal root. The dorsal root of the spinal cord is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the brain. This root contains sensory nerve fibers that carry information such as touch, temperature, and pain signals from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. Ventral roots, on the other hand, are responsible for transmitting motor information from the brain to the muscles. Gray matter is primarily composed of nerve cell bodies and is involved in processing information, while white matter consists of myelinated nerve fibers that facilitate communication between different parts of the nervous system. Therefore, in this context, the dorsal root is the specific structure that handles sensory information transmission.

6. Which division of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate?

• A. Somatic nervous system
• B. Autonomic nervous system
• C. Peripheral nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary functions in the body, such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and other automatic processes. The somatic nervous system (A) controls voluntary muscle movements, the peripheral nervous system (C) consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, and the central nervous system (D) includes the brain and spinal cord. Understanding the functions and divisions of the nervous system is crucial for grasping how different bodily processes are controlled and regulated.

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