Nursing Elites

1. How does an increase in temperature generally affect the solubility of most solid solutes in a liquid solvent?

• A. It increases solubility
• B. It decreases solubility
• C. It has no effect on solubility
• D. It depends on the nature of the solute

Correct answer: a

Rationale: In general, increasing temperature tends to increase the solubility of most solid solutes in liquid solvents. The other choices do not accurately describe the effect of temperature on solubility.

2. What is the name for the hard, protective protein that makes up hair and nails?

• A. Collagen
• B. Keratin
• C. Elastin
• D. Fibrin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Keratin. Keratin is the name for the hard, protective protein that makes up hair and nails. Collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues, while elastin is a protein that allows tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching. Fibrin is a protein involved in blood clotting. Understanding the different roles of these proteins can help in identifying the correct answer as keratin specifically pertains to hair and nails.

3. Which of the following reagents can be used to convert a primary alcohol to an alkyl halide?

• A. HI
• B. H2O
• C. NaOH
• D. SOCl2

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: SOCl2. SOCl2, also known as thionyl chloride, is commonly used to convert primary alcohols to alkyl halides through an SN2 mechanism. Thionyl chloride reacts with the alcohol to form an alkyl chloride, replacing the hydroxyl group. Option A, HI (hydroiodic acid), is typically used to convert alcohols to alkyl iodides, while option B, H2O (water), and option C, NaOH (sodium hydroxide), are not reagents suitable for this specific transformation. Therefore, SOCl2 is the most appropriate reagent for converting a primary alcohol to an alkyl halide.

4. Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease?

• A. The common cold
• B. Influenza (the flu)
• C. Malaria
• D. HIV/AIDS

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Influenza is an example of a zoonotic disease as it can be transmitted from animals such as birds and pigs to humans. The common cold (option A) is caused by human rhinoviruses and is not considered a zoonotic disease. Malaria (option C) is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and is not considered a zoonotic disease. HIV/AIDS (option D) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and is not considered a zoonotic disease.

5. Which type of epithelial tissue lines the inner lining of your intestines, responsible for absorption?

• A. Stratified squamous
• B. Simple columnar
• C. Stratified cuboidal
• D. Transitional epithelium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Simple columnar. Simple columnar epithelial tissue is well-suited for absorption because of its single layer of tall, column-shaped cells with microvilli on the surface, increasing surface area for absorption. This type of tissue is found in the inner lining of the intestines where absorption of nutrients occurs. Stratified squamous epithelium is more protective and found in areas subject to wear and tear, like the skin. Stratified cuboidal and transitional epithelium are not typically involved in absorption processes. Therefore, simple columnar epithelial tissue is the most appropriate choice for lining the inner surface of the intestines for absorption.

6. Which phenomenon describes the separation of light into its component colors when passing through a prism?

• A. Refraction
• B. Diffraction
• C. Dispersion
• D. Reflection

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Dispersion occurs when light passes through a prism, causing different wavelengths (colors) to separate due to their varying speeds through the medium.

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