Nursing Elites

1. How does an increase in temperature generally affect the solubility of most solid solutes in a liquid solvent?

• A. It increases solubility
• B. It decreases solubility
• C. It has no effect on solubility
• D. It depends on the nature of the solute

Correct answer: a

Rationale: In general, increasing temperature tends to increase the solubility of most solid solutes in liquid solvents. The other choices do not accurately describe the effect of temperature on solubility.

2. What term describes the maximum displacement of particles from their rest position in a wave?

• A. Frequency
• B. Wavelength
• C. Amplitude
• D. Velocity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term that describes the maximum displacement of particles from their rest position in a wave is called the amplitude. Amplitude is a measure of the strength or intensity of a wave and is represented by the height of the wave from the rest position to the crest (or trough) of the wave. Frequency (A) refers to the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time, wavelength (B) is the distance between two consecutive crests (or troughs) of a wave, and velocity (D) is the speed of the wave.

3. Which of the following glands is NOT directly controlled by the pituitary gland?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Adrenal glands
• C. Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
• D. Parathyroid glands

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it secretes hormones that control the functions of other endocrine glands. The thyroid gland (A), adrenal glands (B), and parathyroid glands (D) are directly controlled by the pituitary gland through the release of specific hormones. However, the pancreas, specifically the islets of Langerhans (C), is not directly controlled by the pituitary gland. The pancreas is regulated by hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which are not secreted by the pituitary gland. Therefore, option C is the correct answer as it is not directly influenced by the pituitary gland's hormonal regulation.

4. Bile, a yellowish-green fluid, is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine during digestion. What is the primary function of bile in digestion?

• A. Break down carbohydrates
• B. Break down proteins
• C. Emulsify fats
• D. Neutralize stomach acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of bile in digestion is to emulsify fats. Bile contains bile salts that help break down large fat globules into smaller droplets, which increases the surface area for enzymes to work on and aids in the absorption of fats in the small intestine. This process is essential for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Bile does not directly break down carbohydrates or proteins, and it is not involved in neutralizing stomach acid, making option C the correct answer.

5. Which element shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He)?

• A. Neon (Ne)
• B. Boron (B)
• C. Carbon (C)
• D. Oxygen (O)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Neon (Ne). Both He and Ne belong to Group 18 (Noble Gases) due to their complete and stable outer electron shells.

6. What is the main difference between white and brown adipose tissue?

• A. Location only
• B. Function and energy metabolism
• C. Color only
• D. Both white and brown have the same function

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main difference between white and brown adipose tissue lies in their function and energy metabolism. White adipose tissue is primarily involved in energy storage, while brown adipose tissue is responsible for energy expenditure through thermogenesis. Brown adipose tissue contains a higher density of mitochondria and a unique protein called uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) that allows for the generation of heat. This key distinction in function and energy metabolism sets white and brown adipose tissue apart, making option B the correct answer.

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