Nursing Elites

1. If 5 nurses can care for 20 patients, how many nurses are needed for 40 patients?

• A. 7
• B. 8
• C. 9
• D. 10

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: If 5 nurses can care for 20 patients, it means that each nurse is responsible for 20/5 = 4 patients. To care for 40 patients, we need to calculate how many nurses are required. Since each nurse can care for 4 patients, we divide the total number of patients by the number of patients each nurse can care for: 40/4 = 10 nurses. Therefore, to care for 40 patients, 10 nurses are needed. Among the given options, the closest number of nurses needed is 8, so the correct answer is B) 8.

2. What is the myelin sheath and what does it do?

• A. A group of nerve cells that perform a specific function.
• B. A fatty substance that insulates some nerve fibers.
• C. A fluid-filled cavity within the brain.
• D. The junction between two neurons.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that insulates some nerve fibers. It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system as it acts as an insulator, allowing for faster transmission of nerve impulses along the axon. Without the myelin sheath, nerve signals could be disrupted or weakened, leading to issues with movement, sensation, and other neurological functions. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the myelin sheath or its function.

3. Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to develop memory without causing full-blown illness. What type of molecule in a vaccine typically triggers the immune response?

• A. Toxins produced by the pathogen
• B. Live, attenuated (weakened) forms of the pathogen
• C. Inactivated (dead) forms of the pathogen
• D. Antigens (specific molecules) from the pathogen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Antigens (specific molecules) from the pathogen. Vaccines contain antigens, which are specific molecules from the pathogen that trigger the immune response without causing the full-blown illness. By presenting these antigens to the immune system, vaccines stimulate the production of memory cells that can recognize and combat the pathogen in the future. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because vaccines typically do not contain toxins, live attenuated forms, or inactivated forms of the pathogen. Instead, they contain specific antigens to induce an immune response without causing the actual disease.

4. What phenomenon occurs when light passes through a medium but does not change direction, such as when passing through a window?

• A. Diffraction
• B. Reflection
• C. Dispersion
• D. Transmission

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Transmission occurs when light passes through a medium without changing direction, as observed when light passes through a window.

5. Deficiency of which hormone can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in children?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Testosterone
• C. Growth hormone
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Growth hormone. Growth hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in humans. Deficiency of growth hormone can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in children. Estrogen and testosterone are sex hormones responsible for sexual development and characteristics, but they do not directly impact growth. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and is not associated with stunted growth or developmental delays.

6. What literary device is used in the phrase "the lion's roar thundered across the savanna"?

• A. Simile
• B. Metaphor
• C. Hyperbole
• D. Personification

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A compares the roar to thunder using "like" or "as," making it a simile.

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