Nursing Elites

1. What term describes the bouncing back of waves after striking a surface or boundary?

• A. Diffraction
• B. Refraction
• C. Reflection
• D. Interference

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Reflection occurs when waves bounce back after hitting a surface or boundary.

2. Which of the following is an example of an aromatic compound?

• A. Ethanol
• B. Toluene
• C. Acetone
• D. Butanal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Toluene is an aromatic compound. The other choices are not aromatic compounds.

3. What type of nutrients require minimal digestion before absorption?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Proteins
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates require digestion by enzymes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine before they can be broken down into simple sugars for absorption. B) Proteins: Proteins need to be broken down into amino acids by stomach acid and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine before they can be absorbed. C) Fats: Fats require bile from the gallbladder to emulsify them into smaller droplets for enzymes to break them down into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption. D) Vitamins: Vitamins are organic compounds that are already in a form that can be readily absorbed by the body without extensive digestion. They are absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the small intestine and do not require significant breakdown before absorption.

4. Reactions requiring light energy to proceed are classified as:

• A. Combustion reactions
• B. Endothermic reactions
• C. Photochemical reactions
• D. Double displacement reactions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Photochemical reactions." Photochemical reactions are a type of chemical reaction that requires light energy to proceed. During a photochemical reaction, light energy is absorbed by a substance, leading to changes in its chemical structure or properties. This process is different from combustion reactions (A), which involve the rapid combination of a fuel with oxygen to release heat and light energy. Endothermic reactions (B) absorb heat energy, not light energy, to proceed. Double displacement reactions (D) involve the exchange of ions between reactants, but do not specifically require light energy to occur. Therefore, the most appropriate classification for reactions requiring light energy is photochemical reactions.

5. Which type of muscle is characterized by involuntary contractions, is striated, and is primarily found in the heart?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Cardiac muscle
• D. Elastic muscle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is characterized by involuntary contractions, meaning it contracts without conscious control. It is striated, which refers to the striped appearance of muscle fibers under a microscope. Cardiac muscle is primarily found in the heart, where it plays a crucial role in pumping blood throughout the body. Skeletal muscle (option A) is also striated but is under voluntary control. Smooth muscle (option B) is non-striated and found in organs like the intestines. Elastic muscle (option D) is not a recognized type of muscle tissue.

6. Which term describes a substance's ability to undergo a change that transforms it into a different substance?

• A. Density
• B. Mass
• C. Reactivity
• D. Volume

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Reactivity refers to a substance's ability to undergo a chemical change or reaction, transforming it into one or more different substances with new properties.

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