ATI TEAS 7
Biology
1. What is the building block of RNA?
- A. Amino acid
- B. Nucleotide
- C. Protein
- D. Fatty acid
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: A) Amino acid: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not RNA. B) Nucleotide: Nucleotides are the building blocks of RNA. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil in RNA), a sugar (ribose in RNA), and a phosphate group. C) Protein: Proteins are made up of amino acids, not nucleotides. D) Fatty acid: Fatty acids are components of lipids, not RNA.
2. The stratified cuboidal epithelium lining the salivary glands is responsible for:
- A. Protection
- B. Gas exchange
- C. Secretion
- D. Absorption
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Secretion. The stratified cuboidal epithelium lining the salivary glands is specifically designed for the secretion of saliva, which plays a crucial role in the initial digestion of food. This type of epithelium has multiple layers of cells that provide protection and support for the glandular tissue underneath, allowing for the production and release of saliva. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the primary function of this particular epithelium. Therefore, the correct choice is C, secretion.
3. 1. An object is initially at rest. Which of the following will definitely NOT cause it to move?
- A. A constant force acting on it
- B. No force acting on it
- C. A force that increases in magnitude over time
- D. A force that decreases in magnitude over time
Correct answer: B
Rationale: No force acting on it. According to Newton's first law of motion, an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by a net force.
4. What is the protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?
- A. Blood
- B. Cerebrospinal fluid
- C. Myelin sheath
- D. Insulin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord, providing protection from impacts. Blood is essential for transporting nutrients and oxygen, but it does not directly surround or protect these vital nervous system structures. Myelin sheath is a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, not the fluid surrounding the nervous system. Insulin is a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels and is not related to protecting the brain and spinal cord.
5. Which of the following is NOT a type of vaccine?
- A. Live attenuated vaccine
- B. Toxoid vaccine
- C. Conjugate vaccine
- D. Antibiotic
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: A) Live attenuated vaccine: This type of vaccine contains a weakened form of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease. When administered, it stimulates an immune response without causing the disease itself. B) Toxoid vaccine: Toxoid vaccines are made from toxins produced by bacteria that have been inactivated. They stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the toxin, providing immunity against the disease. C) Conjugate vaccine: Conjugate vaccines are made by combining a weak antigen with a strong antigen to enhance the immune response. They are commonly used to protect against bacterial infections. D) Antibiotic: Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. They are not a type of vaccine but rather a class of antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, the correct answer is D) Antibiotic, as it is not a type of vaccine.
6. The pancreas releases a number of digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Which of the following enzymes is NOT produced by the pancreas?
- A. Trypsin (protein digestion)
- B. Amylase (carbohydrate digestion)
- C. Lipase (fat digestion)
- D. Lactase (sugar digestion)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amylase (carbohydrate digestion). The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down food components. Trypsin is produced by the pancreas for protein digestion, lipase for fat digestion, and lactase is an enzyme produced in the small intestine for breaking down lactose (sugar). Amylase, on the other hand, is primarily produced in the salivary glands and the pancreas to break down carbohydrates into simple sugars. Therefore, amylase is not a pancreatic enzyme for digestion, making it the correct answer in this question.
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