Nursing Elites

1. What is the building block of RNA?

• A. Amino acid
• B. Nucleotide
• C. Protein
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Amino acid: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not RNA. B) Nucleotide: Nucleotides are the building blocks of RNA. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil in RNA), a sugar (ribose in RNA), and a phosphate group. C) Protein: Proteins are made up of amino acids, not nucleotides. D) Fatty acid: Fatty acids are components of lipids, not RNA.

2. What is the recommended daily fluid intake for adults?

• A. 1 liter
• B. 2 liters
• C. 3 liters
• D. 4 liters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The recommended daily fluid intake for adults is typically around 2 liters, which is equivalent to about 8 cups or half a gallon. This amount can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, weight, activity level, and climate. Staying adequately hydrated is essential for overall health and helps maintain proper bodily functions, such as regulating body temperature, aiding digestion, and transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Drinking enough fluids also helps prevent dehydration, which can lead to symptoms like fatigue, headaches, and dizziness. It's important to note that individual fluid needs may vary, so it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.

3. A lab report shows a potassium level of 4.5 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Is this within the normal range of 3.5 to 5.3 mmol/L?

• A. No, it is too low.
• B. Yes, it is within the normal range.
• C. No, it is too high.
• D. Cannot be determined without additional information.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The potassium level of 4.5 mmol/L falls within the normal range provided (3.5 to 5.3 mmol/L). 5. An infant's feeding schedule prescribes 120 milliliters of formula every 3 hours. How many ounces of formula should be prepared for a 24-hour period?

4. What type of molecule forms the cell membrane and controls what enters and exits the cell?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Lipids
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lipids. The cell membrane is primarily composed of a double layer of lipids called phospholipids. These phospholipids have a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails, which arrange themselves to form a barrier that controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell. While proteins are also present in the cell membrane and play important roles in transport and cell signaling, lipids are the main structural component responsible for the selective permeability of the membrane. Carbohydrates are typically found on the outer surface of the membrane and are involved in cell recognition and communication. Nucleic acids are not a major component of the cell membrane; they are primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information within the cell.

5. What is the main function of lysosomes?

• A. Breaking down and recycling cellular waste
• B. Storing carbohydrates
• C. Synthesizing lipids
• D. Transcribing DNA into mRNA

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main function of lysosomes is to break down and recycle cellular waste. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that help break down old or damaged organelles, foreign substances, and cellular debris. This process, known as autophagy, helps maintain cellular health and proper functioning. Storing carbohydrates (option B) is not a function of lysosomes; carbohydrates are typically stored in the form of glycogen in the cytoplasm or as starch in plant cells. Synthesizing lipids (option C) is primarily done by the endoplasmic reticulum and not by lysosomes. Transcribing DNA into mRNA (option D) is a function of the nucleus and not the lysosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is A: breaking down and recycling cellular waste.

6. Which of the following types of muscle tissue is found attached to bones and allows for voluntary movement?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is the type of muscle tissue that is attached to bones and allows for voluntary movement. This type of muscle is under conscious control, meaning we can choose to contract or relax these muscles to produce movement. Smooth muscle (option A) is found in the walls of internal organs and is not under voluntary control. Cardiac muscle (option B) is found in the heart and also functions involuntarily. Connective tissue (option D) primarily provides support and structure to the body but does not directly enable movement like skeletal muscle does.

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