Nursing Elites

1. What is the building block of RNA?

• A. Amino acid
• B. Nucleotide
• C. Protein
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Amino acid: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not RNA. B) Nucleotide: Nucleotides are the building blocks of RNA. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil in RNA), a sugar (ribose in RNA), and a phosphate group. C) Protein: Proteins are made up of amino acids, not nucleotides. D) Fatty acid: Fatty acids are components of lipids, not RNA.

2. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is manifested by the

• A. Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations
• B. Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
• C. Admonishes staff for being laggards.
• D. Reminds staff about the sanctions for non performance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice.' Path-Goal theory emphasizes the leader's role in motivating and guiding their team to achieve goals. This behavior aligns with the theory as it focuses on empowering employees to take ownership of their actions and responsibilities. By challenging staff to be individually accountable, the leader is providing clear direction and support, which can enhance motivation and performance within the team. Recognizing and rewarding staff for going beyond expectations (option A) would be more aligned with a transformational leadership style. Admonishing staff for being laggards (option C) and reminding staff about sanctions (option D) are not effective leadership behaviors according to the Path-Goal theory, as they do not focus on motivating and supporting employees to reach their goals.

3. Which molecule allows for the selective passage of materials into and out of the cell?

• A. DNA
• B. Protein
• C. Carbohydrate
• D. Phospholipid bilayer

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the phospholipid bilayer. The phospholipid bilayer is the main component of the cell membrane, which acts as a selective barrier allowing certain molecules to pass through while blocking others. Its structure consists of hydrophilic heads facing outward towards the aqueous environments inside and outside the cell, while the hydrophobic tails face inward creating a semi-permeable barrier. DNA (A) is the genetic material of the cell and is located within the nucleus, not involved in material passage. Proteins (B) and carbohydrates (C) are important components of the cell membrane and play various roles, but they do not directly control the selective passage of materials in and out of the cell.

4. What type of reaction is represented by the following equation: Fe2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) -> 2Fe (s) + 3H2O (g)

• A. Combustion
• B. Decomposition
• C. Single displacement
• D. Redox reaction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The given equation involves a transfer of electrons from iron oxide (Fe2O3) to hydrogen gas (H2), resulting in the formation of iron (Fe) and water (H2O). This transfer of electrons indicates a redox reaction, where oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously. In this case, iron is reduced from a higher oxidation state in Fe2O3 to a lower oxidation state in Fe, while hydrogen is oxidized from its elemental state in H2 to form water. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Redox reaction.

5. Micturition involves a combination of:

• A. Gravity alone
• B. Voluntary muscle contractions only
• C. Involuntary muscle contractions only
• D. Both voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Both voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions.' Micturition, also known as urination, is a complex process involving both voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions. The voluntary muscle contractions allow us to control when we urinate, while the involuntary muscle contractions help to expel urine from the bladder. Gravity alone (option A) is not sufficient for micturition, as muscle contractions are necessary to empty the bladder. Similarly, relying on voluntary muscle contractions only (option B) would not be effective, as involuntary contractions are also needed to fully empty the bladder. Lastly, option C stating 'Involuntary muscle contractions only' is incorrect because voluntary muscle contractions play a crucial role in micturition. Therefore, option D is the most comprehensive and accurate choice.

6. What is the mass number of an element?

• A. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
• B. The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
• C. The number of electrons in an atom's valence shell.
• D. The number of isotopes of an element.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The mass number of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It is represented by the symbol A and is written as a superscript to the element's symbol. For example, the mass number of carbon-12 is 12, which means that a carbon-12 atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus.

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