Nursing Elites

1. What is the building block of RNA?

• A. Amino acid
• B. Nucleotide
• C. Protein
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Amino acid: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not RNA. B) Nucleotide: Nucleotides are the building blocks of RNA. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil in RNA), a sugar (ribose in RNA), and a phosphate group. C) Protein: Proteins are made up of amino acids, not nucleotides. D) Fatty acid: Fatty acids are components of lipids, not RNA.

2. Which property describes a substance's resistance to flow?

• A. Density
• B. Viscosity
• C. Conductivity
• D. Reactivity

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Viscosity refers to a substance's resistance to flow. Substances with high viscosity flow slowly, while those with low viscosity flow more easily.

3. Warming up before exercise is important to help prevent

• A. Dehydration
• B. Muscle soreness
• C. Increased heart rate
• D. Low blood sugar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Muscle soreness.' Warming up before exercise is crucial as it helps increase blood flow to the muscles, warming them up and making them more flexible. This can help reduce the risk of muscle soreness and injury during and after exercise. Dehydration (A) is more related to maintaining proper fluid balance through hydration. Increased heart rate (C) is a normal response to exercise and can be beneficial. Low blood sugar (D) is more of a concern for individuals with conditions like diabetes. Therefore, the most immediate benefit of warming up is to prevent muscle soreness.

4. The fossil record shows that dinosaurs with feathers existed millions of years before birds. This is evidence for

• A. Convergent evolution (unrelated organisms evolving similar traits)
• B. Divergent evolution (related organisms evolving different traits)
• C. Coevolution (two species influencing each other's evolution)
• D. The extinction of dinosaurs due to an asteroid impact

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The fossil record indicating that dinosaurs had feathers before birds suggests convergent evolution. Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar environmental pressures. In this case, both dinosaurs and birds developed feathers for flight or insulation purposes, even though they are not closely related. This evidence supports the concept of convergent evolution rather than divergent evolution, coevolution, or the extinction of dinosaurs due to an asteroid impact.

5. How is power related to energy?

• A. Power is the same as energy
• B. Energy is the rate at which work is done
• C. Power is the amount of stored energy
• D. Energy is the rate at which power is transferred

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Energy is related to the amount of work done or the capacity to do work, while power measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

6. What is the name of the regulatory region in a gene that controls its expression?

• A. Exon
• B. Intron
• C. Promoter
• D. Enhancer

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Exon: Exons are the coding regions of a gene that are transcribed into mRNA and eventually translated into proteins. Exons do not regulate gene expression. B) Intron: Introns are non-coding regions of a gene that are removed during RNA processing and do not play a direct role in controlling gene expression. C) Promoter: The promoter is a regulatory region located at the beginning of a gene that initiates the process of transcription by binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase. It plays a crucial role in controlling gene expression. D) Enhancer: Enhancers are regulatory regions that can be located far from the gene they regulate and can increase the transcription of a gene. While enhancers are important for gene expression, the specific region that controls gene expression is the promoter. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Promoter, as it is the regulatory region in a gene that controls its expression by initiating transcription.

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