Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the main function of the small intestine?

• A. To store food and break it down into smaller pieces
• B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
• C. To produce enzymes that help digest food
• D. To eliminate waste products from the body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The small intestine is a crucial part of the digestive system where the majority of nutrient absorption takes place. It is lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi that increase the surface area for absorption. The small intestine absorbs nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals from the digested food into the bloodstream to be transported to cells throughout the body for energy, growth, and repair. Options A, C, and D do not accurately describe the main function of the small intestine.

2. Which part of the brain is responsible for processing vision?

• A. Occipital lobe
• B. Frontal lobe
• C. Temporal lobe
• D. Parietal lobe

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Occipital lobe. The occipital lobe is located at the back of the brain and is primarily responsible for processing visual information. It contains the primary visual cortex, which receives and interprets visual signals from the eyes. The frontal lobe (B) is involved in higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and problem-solving. The temporal lobe (C) plays a role in processing auditory information and memory. The parietal lobe (D) is responsible for functions like spatial awareness and sensory information processing, but not specifically vision. Therefore, the occipital lobe is the correct choice for the brain region responsible for processing vision.

3. Which force causes an object to move in a circular path?

• A. Tension force
• B. Frictional force
• C. Centripetal force
• D. Gravitational force

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Centripetal force is the force that acts towards the center of a circular path, keeping an object in circular motion.

4. What is the SI unit of measurement for acceleration?

• A. Meters per second (m/s)
• B. Newton (N)
• C. Meters (m)
• D. Meters per second squared (m/s²)

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared (m/s²) in the SI unit system.

5. The two main divisions of the skeletal system are:

• A. Upper and lower body bones
• B. Axial and appendicular skeleton
• C. Long and short bones
• D. Compact and spongy bone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Axial and appendicular skeleton. The skeletal system is divided into two main parts: the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column, and the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the arms, legs, shoulders, and hips. This division is based on the location and function of the bones in the body. The other options are incorrect as they do not represent the main divisions of the skeletal system. Understanding these divisions is important for studying the structure and function of the human skeletal system.

6. What is the purpose of the spindle apparatus in cell division?

• A. To separate sister chromatids
• B. To move chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell
• C. To form a new nuclear envelope around each daughter cell
• D. To synthesize new DNA

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The spindle apparatus is a structure composed of microtubules that plays a crucial role in cell division (mitosis and meiosis). Its main purpose is to ensure the proper separation and distribution of chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell during cell division. This process is essential for the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells in mitosis or four haploid daughter cells in meiosis. Option A is incorrect because the separation of sister chromatids specifically refers to the role of the kinetochore fibers within the spindle apparatus. Option C is incorrect because the formation of a new nuclear envelope occurs after the chromosomes have been properly segregated. Option D is incorrect because DNA synthesis does not occur within the spindle apparatus; it takes place during the S phase of the cell cycle.

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