Nursing Elites

1. Which respiratory structure is responsible for the humidification and warming of inhaled air?

• A. Trachea
• B. Larynx
• C. Nasal passages
• D. Bronchi

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nasal passages. The nasal passages are lined with mucous membranes that produce mucus to humidify and warm the inhaled air before it reaches the lungs. This process helps to protect the delicate lung tissues from drying out and becoming irritated. The trachea, larynx, and bronchi play important roles in the respiratory system, but specifically, the nasal passages are primarily responsible for humidifying and warming the air as it enters the body.

2. Which factor affects the gravitational potential energy of an object the most?

• A. The mass of the object
• B. The distance from the ground
• C. The gravitational force
• D. The shape of the object

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Gravitational potential energy is directly proportional to the height or distance from the ground. As the object is raised higher, its gravitational potential energy increases. The mass of the object affects the gravitational potential energy, but the distance from the ground has a greater impact on it. The gravitational force and the shape of the object do not directly affect the gravitational potential energy.

3. What is the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2?

• A. 74.1 g/mol
• B. 132.1 g/mol
• C. 164.1 g/mol
• D. 78.1 g/mol

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Calculate the molar mass: Ca(40.08) + 2N(14.01) + 6O(16.00) = 132.1 g/mol.

4. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of \(1 \times 10^{-9}\) M?

• A. 5
• B. 7
• C. 9
• D. 11

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The pH is calculated as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. In this case, \(-\log(1 \times 10^{-9}) = 9\).

5. What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH)?

• A. H2SO4 + KOH → K2SO4 + H2O
• B. 2H2SO4 + 2KOH → 2K2SO4 + 2H2O
• C. H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O
• D. H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + H2O

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The coefficients are adjusted to balance the number of atoms on both sides of the equation.

6. When making a dilution, you...

• A. Add more solute to a concentrated solution
• B. Change the temperature of the solution
• C. Decrease the concentration of a solution
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Decrease the concentration of a solution.' When making a dilution, you decrease the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent, not solute. Adding more solute to a concentrated solution would increase the concentration, not dilute it. Changing the temperature of the solution does not directly relate to dilution. Therefore, the only correct statement related to the process of making a dilution is that you decrease the concentration of the solution by adding more solvent, making option C the correct answer.

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