Nursing Elites

1. The stratified cuboidal epithelium lining the salivary glands is responsible for:

• A. Protection
• B. Gas exchange
• C. Secretion
• D. Absorption

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Secretion. The stratified cuboidal epithelium lining the salivary glands is specifically designed for the secretion of saliva, which plays a crucial role in the initial digestion of food. This type of epithelium has multiple layers of cells that provide protection and support for the glandular tissue underneath, allowing for the production and release of saliva. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the primary function of this particular epithelium. Therefore, the correct choice is C, secretion.

2. Which of the following statements refers to criteria?

• A. Agreed on level of nursing care
• B. Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care
• C. Step-by-step guidelines
• D. Statement which guide the group in decision making and problem solving

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Criteria are specific characteristics or standards used to evaluate or measure the quality or level of something. In this case, statement B, 'Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care,' correctly refers to criteria because it highlights the specific attributes that are used to assess the quality or level of nursing care provided. The other options do not directly address the concept of criteria. Option A describes an agreed-upon level of care but does not specifically refer to criteria. Option C describes step-by-step guidelines, which are more related to processes or procedures. Option D mentions statements that guide decision-making and problem-solving, which are not necessarily criteria. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice as it directly aligns with the definition and concept of criteria.

3. A water fountain has a spherical base (diameter 50cm) and a cylindrical body (diameter 30cm, height 80cm) on top. What is the total surface area of the fountain (excluding the water surface)?

• A. 3142 sq cm
• B. 4712 sq cm
• C. 5486 sq cm
• D. 7957 sq cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the sphere and the cylinder separately, then add them up.

4. Julius plans to revisit the organizational chart of the department. He plans to create a new

• A. Box
• B. Solid line
• C. Broken line
• D. Dotted line

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Solid line.' In organizational charts, solid lines typically represent formal reporting relationships, indicating direct authority and responsibility between positions. Creating a new solid line on the chart would signify a new formal reporting relationship within the department. This can be important for clarifying roles, communication channels, and decision-making processes. Boxes represent positions or roles in the organizational structure, while broken lines and dotted lines are typically used for informal relationships or advisory roles, rather than formal reporting relationships.

5. Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and posture?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Medulla oblongata
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and posture. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to regulate voluntary movements. The cerebrum, on the other hand, is mainly responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking and problem-solving. The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, while the thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information. Therefore, the cerebellum is the specific part of the brain that plays a crucial role in motor coordination and balance.

6. What is the name of the microscopic finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine?

• A. Goblet cells
• B. Paneth cells
• C. Villi
• D. Crypts of Lieberkühn

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Goblet cells: Goblet cells are specialized cells that secrete mucus to protect the lining of the digestive tract. While important for maintaining the health of the intestines, goblet cells do not increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine. B) Paneth cells: Paneth cells are specialized cells found in the small intestine that secrete antimicrobial peptides. They play a role in protecting the intestinal stem cells and maintaining the gut microbiota balance, but they do not increase the surface area for absorption. C) Villi: Villi are microscopic finger-like projections found in the small intestine that increase the surface area available for absorption of nutrients. Each villus contains blood vessels and lacteals (lymphatic vessels) that help absorb nutrients from digested food. D) Crypts of Lieberkühn: Crypts of Lieberkühn are small pits located between the villi

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