Nursing Elites

1. What is the scientific name for the tear gland?

• A. Lachrymal gland
• B. Lacrimal sac
• C. Lacrimal duct
• D. Lacrimal papilla

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The lachrymal gland is the almond-shaped gland located above each eye, responsible for producing tears. Tears are a complex mixture of water, electrolytes, proteins, and other substances that help lubricate and protect the eyes from dryness and irritation.

2. Laser light differs from typical light sources due to its properties of:

• A. Enhanced brightness only
• B. Monochromatic nature (single color) and coherence (synchronized waves)
• C. Increased velocity
• D. Limited visibility to the human eye

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monochromatic nature (single color) and coherence (synchronized waves). Laser light is unique because it consists of a single color (monochromatic) and its waves are synchronized (coherent), unlike typical light sources which emit a range of colors and incoherent waves. This coherence allows laser light to stay focused over long distances, making it useful in various applications such as surgery, communication, and manufacturing. Enhanced brightness (A) is not the only distinguishing factor of laser light, as coherence and monochromatic nature are equally important. Increased velocity (C) and limited visibility to the human eye (D) are not properties that define laser light. Therefore, option B is the most accurate choice.

3. What is the "lock-and-key" model?

• A. Protein folding
• B. Enzyme-substrate interaction
• C. Muscle contraction
• D. Blood clotting

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The "lock-and-key" model is a concept used to describe the specificity of the interaction between enzymes and their substrates. In this model, the enzyme's active site is like a lock that can only be opened by the specific substrate molecule, which acts as the key. This specific binding ensures that enzymes catalyze specific reactions and do not interact with other molecules indiscriminately. Protein folding (option A) refers to the process by which a protein adopts its functional three-dimensional structure, but it is not specifically related to the lock-and-key model. Muscle contraction (option C) and blood clotting (option D) are biological processes that involve complex mechanisms but are not directly related to the lock-and-key model of enzyme-substrate interaction.

4. What is the term for the number of moles of solute per liter of solution?

• A. Molarity
• B. Molality
• C. Normality
• D. Concentration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. The other choices are different concentration units.

5. During gas exchange in the alveoli, what happens to oxygen?

• A. Oxygen is released from the bloodstream into the alveoli.
• B. Oxygen is absorbed from the alveoli into the bloodstream.
• C. Oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide.
• D. Oxygen is stored in the alveoli for later use.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During gas exchange in the alveoli, oxygen is absorbed from the alveoli into the bloodstream. In the alveoli, oxygen diffuses across the thin walls of the alveoli and into the surrounding capillaries where it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. This oxygen-rich blood is then transported to the body's tissues for cellular respiration. Therefore, option B is correct as it accurately describes the direction of oxygen movement during the process of gas exchange in the lungs.

6. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is manifested by the

• A. Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations
• B. Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
• C. Admonishes staff for being laggards.
• D. Reminds staff about the sanctions for non performance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice.' Path-Goal theory emphasizes the leader's role in motivating and guiding their team to achieve goals. This behavior aligns with the theory as it focuses on empowering employees to take ownership of their actions and responsibilities. By challenging staff to be individually accountable, the leader is providing clear direction and support, which can enhance motivation and performance within the team. Recognizing and rewarding staff for going beyond expectations (option A) would be more aligned with a transformational leadership style. Admonishing staff for being laggards (option C) and reminding staff about sanctions (option D) are not effective leadership behaviors according to the Path-Goal theory, as they do not focus on motivating and supporting employees to reach their goals.

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