Nursing Elites

1. What is the common name for the organic compound CH₃OH?

• A. Methane
• B. Ethanol
• C. Methanol
• D. Butanol

Correct answer: C

Rationale: CH₃OH is commonly known as methanol. The other choices represent different organic compounds.

2. Nuclear fusion powers the sun and other stars. What is the main obstacle to achieving controlled nuclear fusion on Earth for energy production?

• A. Lack of suitable materials to handle high temperatures and pressures.
• B. Limited availability of fusion fuels like deuterium and tritium.
• C. Difficulty in containing the plasma where fusion occurs.
• D. All of the above.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The main obstacle to achieving controlled nuclear fusion on Earth for energy production involves a combination of factors. A) Lack of suitable materials to handle high temperatures and pressures is a significant challenge due to the extreme conditions required for fusion reactions. B) Limited availability of fusion fuels like deuterium and tritium can pose a constraint on the scalability and sustainability of fusion energy. C) Difficulty in containing the plasma where fusion occurs is another critical issue as plasma instabilities and heat losses can hinder the efficiency of fusion reactions. Therefore, all of the options (A, B, and C) contribute to the challenges in achieving controlled nuclear fusion for energy production on Earth.

3. Sebaceous glands, located in the dermis, secrete an oily substance called:

• A. Sweat
• B. Sebum
• C. Cerumen
• D. Mucus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sebum. Sebaceous glands are located in the dermis layer of the skin and are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Sweat glands, on the other hand, are located in the dermis and subcutaneous layers and produce sweat to help regulate body temperature. Cerumen is produced by ceruminous glands in the ear canal to protect the ear, while mucus is produced by mucous glands in the respiratory system to help trap and remove particles. Therefore, sebum is the oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands in the dermis.

4. A solution is formed when:

• A. One substance dissolves in another
• B. Two or more substances react chemically
• C. A solid changes to a liquid
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One substance dissolves in another. A solution is a homogeneous mixture where one substance (solute) dissolves in another (solvent).

5. What is the structure that connects the ovary to the uterus in the female reproductive system?

• A. Urethra
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Vagina
• D. Cervix

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fallopian tube. The fallopian tubes are the structures that connect the ovaries to the uterus in the female reproductive system. These tubes play a crucial role in the fertilization process by providing a pathway for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus. The urethra (A) is a structure that carries urine from the bladder out of the body and is not directly involved in the reproductive system. The vagina (C) is the canal that connects the external genitals to the cervix and is not the structure that connects the ovary to the uterus. The cervix (D) is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina and does not connect the ovary to the uterus.

6. Which type of isomerism arises due to differences in the arrangement of atoms around a double bond?

• A. Chain isomerism
• B. Functional group isomerism
• C. Cis-trans isomerism
• D. Stereoisomerism

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cis-trans isomerism. Cis-trans isomerism, also known as geometric isomerism, arises due to differences in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a double bond. In cis isomers, similar groups are on the same side of the double bond, while in trans isomers, similar groups are on opposite sides. This type of isomerism is specific to compounds with restricted rotation around a double bond, leading to distinct spatial arrangements and different properties. Chain isomerism (A) refers to isomers with different carbon chain arrangements, functional group isomerism (B) involves different functional groups, and stereoisomerism (D) encompasses all isomers that have the same connectivity but differ in spatial arrangement.

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