ATI TEAS 7
Chemistry
1. What is the general formula for an alkyl halide?
- A. CnH2n
- B. CnH2n+2
- C. CnH2n-1X
- D. CnH2nO
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The general formula for an alkyl halide is \(C_nH_{2n-1}X\), where X represents a halogen (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I).
2. What is kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency disease, characterized by?
- A. Muscle wasting
- B. Night blindness
- C. Scurvy
- D. Rickets
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a type of severe acute malnutrition caused by a deficiency of dietary protein. It is characterized by symptoms such as edema (swelling due to fluid retention), skin lesions, an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates, and muscle wasting. Muscle wasting is a key feature of kwashiorkor due to the body breaking down muscle tissue to obtain essential amino acids for vital functions. Night blindness (option B) is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency, scurvy (option C) is caused by a lack of vitamin C, and rickets (option D) is a condition resulting from a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.
3. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody type, responsible for:
- A. Immediate allergic reactions
- B. Neutralizing toxins and viruses
- C. Activating other immune cells
- D. Protecting newborns from infections
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Neutralizing toxins and viruses.' Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody type in the blood and tissues. It plays a crucial role in neutralizing toxins and viruses by binding to them and marking them for destruction by other immune cells. IgG is also involved in opsonization, which enhances phagocytosis of pathogens by immune cells. While IgE is primarily responsible for immediate allergic reactions, IgG's main functions are related to immunity against pathogens rather than allergic responses. Activating other immune cells is typically associated with antibodies like IgM, while protecting newborns from infections is mainly attributed to maternal IgG antibodies passed on during pregnancy. Therefore, option B is the most accurate description of IgG's role in the immune system.
4. Which sentence uses the word "literally" correctly?
- A. literally died laughing at that joke.
- B. He literally climbed a mountain of paperwork.
- C. Her eyes were literally sparkling with excitement.
- D. The house was literally haunted by ghosts.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Option B uses "literally" to emphasize the magnitude of work, not to exaggerate a simple action.
5. During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles?
- A. Atrial diastole
- B. Ventricular systole
- C. Atrial systole
- D. Ventricular diastole
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Atrial systole. During the cardiac cycle, the atria contract during atrial systole, pushing blood into the ventricles. This phase occurs after atrial diastole when the atria fill with blood. Ventricular diastole (option D) is when the ventricles relax and fill with blood, preparing for ventricular systole (option B), which is when the ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart. Atrial systole is crucial for ensuring efficient filling of the ventricles before they contract, making it a key phase in the cardiac cycle.
6. Which state of matter has particles that are highly organized in a fixed pattern and vibrate in place?
- A. Solid
- B. Liquid
- C. Gas
- D. Plasma
Correct answer: a
Rationale: In solids, particles are tightly packed in an ordered arrangement and vibrate around fixed positions, giving solids a definite shape and volume.
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