Nursing Elites

1. Biodiversity is important for healthy ecosystems because it:

• A. Increases competition for resources
• B. Provides stability and resilience to disturbances
• C. Slows down nutrient cycling
• D. Reduces the number of decomposers

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in a particular area. A diverse ecosystem is better able to withstand and recover from disturbances such as natural disasters, climate change, or human impacts. This is because different species play unique roles in the ecosystem, and a higher level of biodiversity means there are more species available to fulfill these roles. For example, if one species is negatively affected by a disturbance, other species may be able to compensate for its loss, maintaining the overall functioning of the ecosystem. Therefore, biodiversity provides stability and resilience to disturbances, making ecosystems healthier and more sustainable.

2. Which biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost, and coniferous trees?

• A. Tundra
• B. Desert
• C. Rainforest
• D. Savanna

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) Tundra: This biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost (permanently frozen subsoil), and vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and coniferous trees like spruce and fir. The tundra is found in high latitudes near the Arctic Circle and high altitudes in mountainous regions. B) Desert: Deserts are characterized by low precipitation levels and high temperatures, with sparse vegetation adapted to arid conditions. C) Rainforest: Rainforests are characterized by high levels of rainfall, warm temperatures, and dense vegetation with a variety of plant and animal species. D) Savanna: Savannas are tropical grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs, characterized by a distinct wet and dry season. In this case, the description of cold temperatures, permafrost, and coniferous trees aligns most closely with the characteristics of the tundra biome, making option A

3. Define power in physics.

• A. The rate of change of energy
• B. The rate of doing work or transferring energy
• C. The measure of an object's potential energy
• D. The force exerted on an object

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred or converted.

4. During sexual intercourse, sperm travels through a tube from the testes to the urethra. What is the name of this tube?

• A. Vas deferens
• B. Epididymis
• C. Seminal vesicle
• D. Urethra

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Vas deferens.' The vas deferens is a tube that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra during ejaculation. It is a crucial part of the male reproductive system, allowing for the transport of sperm for fertilization. The epididymis is where sperm mature and are stored, not where they travel during intercourse. The seminal vesicle is a gland that produces a significant portion of the seminal fluid. The urethra is the tube that carries both urine and semen out of the body but is not where sperm travels from the testes.

5. Dense irregular connective tissue, found in tendons and ligaments, provides:

• A. Flexibility
• B. Lubrication
• C. Insulation
• D. Tensile strength

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Tensile strength.' Dense irregular connective tissue is composed of tightly packed collagen fibers arranged in a random pattern, providing resistance to tension forces. This structural arrangement is ideal for tendons and ligaments, as they need to withstand pulling and stretching forces. 'Flexibility' (A) is more characteristic of elastic fibers, 'Lubrication' (B) is provided by synovial fluid in joints, and 'Insulation' (C) is typically associated with adipose tissue. Therefore, tensile strength is the primary function of dense irregular connective tissue in tendons and ligaments.

6. Coronary arteries are responsible for:

• A. Delivering oxygenated blood throughout the body.
• B. Supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself.
• C. Carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• D. Regulating blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself.' Coronary arteries are specialized blood vessels that branch off the aorta and provide oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. This is crucial for the heart to function properly and maintain its own blood supply separate from the systemic circulation. The other options are incorrect because delivering oxygenated blood throughout the body is the role of the systemic circulation and not specific to coronary arteries. Carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart is the function of veins, while regulating blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation is primarily controlled by arteries in general, not just the coronary arteries.

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