Nursing Elites

1. If you compare a 1 M solution of NaCl to a 1 M solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water, which solution would have the higher boiling point?

• A. The NaCl solution
• B. The glucose solution
• C. They would have the same boiling point
• D. It depends on the temperature

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. When a solute is added to a solvent, it raises the boiling point of the solution due to the phenomenon of boiling point elevation. In this case, NaCl is an ionic compound that dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions in water, leading to more particles in solution compared to glucose, which remains as individual molecules. Since NaCl forms more particles, it causes a greater boiling point elevation, resulting in the NaCl solution having the higher boiling point. Glucose, being a non-electrolyte, does not dissociate and therefore does not contribute as many particles to the solution as NaCl does. Therefore, the NaCl solution would have the higher boiling point.

2. Which hormone primarily triggers ovulation in the female menstrual cycle?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Progesterone
• C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Luteinizing hormone (LH). LH is the hormone responsible for triggering ovulation in the female menstrual cycle. During the menstrual cycle, LH surge occurs around day 14, which stimulates the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This surge in LH is crucial for the rupture of the mature follicle and the release of the egg, marking the onset of ovulation. Estrogen and progesterone play important roles in regulating the menstrual cycle, but LH specifically triggers ovulation by signaling the release of the egg from the ovary.

3. What is the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients?

• A. Hypertrophy
• B. Atrophy
• C. Fibrosis
• D. Rigor mortis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Atrophy. Atrophy is the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients. When muscles are not regularly used or do not receive enough nutrients, they can decrease in size and strength. Hypertrophy, on the other hand, refers to the increase in muscle size and strength through exercise and proper nutrition. Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue, leading to scarring. Rigor mortis is a temporary stiffening of muscles that occurs after death. Therefore, in this context, atrophy best describes the wasting away of muscle tissue due to disuse or lack of nutrients.

4. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of pregnancy?

• A. Fatigue
• B. Nausea
• C. Increased urination
• D. Loss of appetite

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Loss of appetite." While it is common for pregnant individuals to experience fatigue, nausea, and increased urination due to hormonal changes and the body's adaptations during pregnancy, a loss of appetite is not typically a common symptom. Most pregnant individuals experience increased appetite, particularly in the early stages of pregnancy. This increased appetite is often attributed to the body's need for additional nutrients to support the growing fetus. Therefore, the absence of appetite loss makes option D the correct choice in this question.

5. Which property of a substance refers to its ability to be stretched into thin wires?

• A. Conductivity
• B. Viscosity
• C. Ductility
• D. Malleability

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Ductility refers to a substance's ability to be stretched into thin wires without breaking.

6. What is the term for the particles moving around within a substance?

• A. Ions
• B. Atoms
• C. Molecules
• D. Kinetic energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In most cases, the particles moving within a substance are individual molecules or atoms, depending on the state of matter.

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