Nursing Elites

1. A spring is stretched and released, causing an object attached to it to oscillate. What determines the frequency of the oscillations?

• A. The mass of the object
• B. The stiffness of the spring
• C. The initial displacement of the object
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The stiffness of the spring. Frequency depends on the spring constant and the mass, but the mass term cancels out in the formula for simple harmonic motion, leaving only the spring constant.

2. Which term refers to the condition where a muscle shortens in length while generating force, leading to movement at a joint?

• A. Isometric contraction
• B. Eccentric contraction
• C. Isotonic contraction
• D. Concentric contraction

Correct answer: d

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Concentric contraction. Concentric contraction occurs when a muscle shortens in length while generating force, resulting in movement at a joint. This type of contraction is commonly seen when lifting a weight in a bicep curl, for example. Isometric contraction, option A, refers to when the muscle generates force without changing length, eccentric contraction, option B, is when the muscle lengthens while generating force, and isotonic contraction, option C, involves the muscle maintaining a constant tension while changing length. Therefore, in the context of muscle movement and joint action, concentric contraction best describes the condition described in the question.

3. Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection?

• A. Selection that favors extreme traits in a population
• B. Selection that removes individuals with extreme traits
• C. Selection that maintains the current average trait in a population
• D. Selection that favors one specific trait over all others

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection that favors the intermediate variants in a population, while selecting against the extreme traits. This results in the maintenance of the current average trait in the population. - Option A is incorrect because stabilizing selection does not favor extreme traits; instead, it favors the average trait. - Option B is incorrect because stabilizing selection does not remove individuals with extreme traits; it acts against extreme traits by favoring the intermediate variants. - Option D is incorrect because stabilizing selection does not favor one specific trait over all others; it favors the average trait by selecting against extreme traits.

4. Which type of epithelium lines the inner surface of blood vessels?

• A. Simple squamous epithelium
• B. Simple columnar epithelium
• C. Stratified squamous epithelium
• D. Stratified columnar epithelium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Simple squamous epithelium lines the inner surface of blood vessels due to its thin structure and ability to facilitate easy diffusion of gases and nutrients between blood and surrounding tissues. This type of epithelium is well suited for areas where rapid exchange of materials is important, such as the lining of blood vessels. Simple columnar epithelium is typically found in areas where absorption and secretion occur, like the lining of the intestines. Stratified squamous epithelium is more commonly found in areas subject to wear and tear, such as the skin. Stratified columnar epithelium is not typically found in the inner surface of blood vessels, making it an incorrect choice.

5. A medication order is for 250 micrograms of a drug to be administered subcutaneously. The available syringe measures in milliliters. How many milliliters should the nurse draw up?

• A. 0.00025 milliliters
• B. 0.0025 milliliters
• C. 0.025 milliliters
• D. 0.25 milliliters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: First convert micrograms to milliliters, knowing 1000 micrograms equal 1 milliliter. Divide the desired dosage (250 micrograms) by the conversion factor (1000 micrograms/milliliter) to find the volume needed: 250 micrograms / 1000 micrograms/milliliter = 0.00025 milliliters. However, drawing such a small volume might be inaccurate, so round to the nearest practical measurement, which is 0.0025 milliliters.

6. Which sentence uses the past perfect tense correctly?

• A. By the time I arrived, the party had already begun.
• B. I wish I had studied harder for the exam.
• C. We will have finished the project by Monday.
• D. She had been waiting for hours before he finally showed up.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A expresses an action ("party began") completed before another past action ("I arrived").

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