Nursing Elites

1. What scientific term encompasses a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence?

• A. Trait
• B. Mutation
• C. Allele
• D. Variation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Trait: A trait is a characteristic or feature of an organism that is determined by its genes. B) Mutation: A mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that can result from errors during DNA replication, exposure to mutagens, or other factors. C) Allele: An allele is a variant form of a gene that can result in different traits or characteristics. D) Variation: Variation refers to the differences in traits or characteristics among individuals of the same species, which can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In this context, the term that specifically refers to a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence is "mutation."

2. Which of the following situations represents work being done on an object?

• A. Pushing against a wall without moving it
• B. Carrying a heavy object without lifting it
• C. Lifting a box to place it on a shelf
• D. Holding a book stationary in your hand

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Work is done when a force is applied to move an object over a distance.

3. A bag contains 5 red marbles and 7 blue marbles. If you draw a marble without looking, what is the probability it will be red?

• A. 1/4
• B. 1/3
• C. 1/2
• D. 2/3

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Divide the number of red marbles (5) by the total number of marbles (12) to get 1/3 probability.

4. Which sentence uses the correlative conjunction "either/or" correctly?

• A. You can either come to the party or stay home.
• B. Either she will go to the concert, or he will.
• C. I'm not sure whether I should go swimming or running.
• D. He likes both pizza and pasta, so he can have either.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option Aa uses "either/or" to present two exclusive options.

5. Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) can potentially cause infertility in both men and women if left untreated?

• A. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• B. Chlamydia
• C. Gonorrhea
• D. Syphilis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Syphilis. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that can potentially cause infertility in both men and women if left untreated. In men, untreated syphilis can lead to damage to the testicles and epididymis, affecting sperm production. In women, syphilis can result in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which can lead to scarring and blockages in the fallopian tubes, causing infertility. While other STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea can also lead to infertility if left untreated, syphilis is particularly known for its severe impact on reproductive health in both genders.

6. Lymphedema, a chronic condition, occurs when:

• A. Lymph nodes become inflamed
• B. Lymph vessels become blocked
• C. The spleen malfunctions
• D. Bone marrow production decreases

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Lymph vessels become blocked." Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by swelling due to the accumulation of lymph fluid. This occurs when lymph vessels become blocked, preventing the proper drainage of lymph fluid. Inflammation of lymph nodes (option A) is not the direct cause of lymphedema. The spleen malfunctioning (option C) and bone marrow production decreasing (option D) are not directly related to the development of lymphedema. Understanding the blockage of lymph vessels is crucial in comprehending the pathophysiology of lymphedema.

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