Nursing Elites

1. Deficiency in which vitamin can lead to a condition called pernicious anemia, affecting vitamin B12 absorption in the digestive system?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin B12 (cobalamin). Pernicious anemia is a condition caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, which is essential for the production of red blood cells and for the proper functioning of the nervous system. This vitamin is primarily absorbed in the digestive system, particularly in the ileum of the small intestine. In pernicious anemia, there is a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein produced by the stomach, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. Deficiencies in other vitamins like Vitamin A, Vitamin D, or Vitamin E do not directly lead to pernicious anemia. Therefore, the correct answer is Vitamin B12.

2. Which type of energy is associated with the random motion of particles in a substance?

• A. Potential energy
• B. Mechanical energy
• C. Thermal energy
• D. Chemical energy

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Thermal energy is related to the random motion of particles in a substance and is associated with temperature.

3. The process by which a single-celled organism divides into two identical daughter cells is called

• A. Conjugation
• B. Binary fission
• C. Endocytosis
• D. Mitosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Conjugation is a process in which genetic material is transferred between two bacterial cells through a conjugation tube. It does not involve the division of a single-celled organism into two identical daughter cells. B) Binary fission is the process by which a single-celled organism, such as a bacterium, divides into two identical daughter cells. This is a common method of reproduction in prokaryotic organisms. C) Endocytosis is a cellular process in which cells engulf external materials by wrapping them in a vesicle. It is not a method of cell division. D) Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells, leading to the production of two daughter cells with identical genetic material. However, the question specifically refers to a single-celled organism, which typically undergoes binary fission for reproduction.

4. Which element is a critical component of DNA and RNA, essential for storing and transmitting genetic information?

• A. Oxygen
• B. Carbon
• C. Nitrogen
• D. Hydrogen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Carbon's ability to form diverse bonds makes it the backbone of genetic molecules, enabling efficient information storage and transmission

5. Which part of the brainstem is responsible for controlling vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing?

• A. Medulla oblongata
• B. Pons
• C. Midbrain
• D. Cerebellum

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata is the lower part of the brainstem that regulates vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. It contains important centers for controlling these essential bodily functions, making it a critical part of the brain for maintaining life. The pons, midbrain, and cerebellum are also parts of the brainstem, but they are not primarily responsible for regulating these vital functions. Therefore, the medulla oblongata is the specific region of the brainstem that directly controls these essential physiological processes.

6. Which of the following is the main function of the pancreas?

• A. To store food and break it down into smaller pieces
• B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
• C. To produce enzymes that help digest food
• D. To regulate blood sugar levels

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The pancreas is a vital organ in the digestive system that produces digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases. These enzymes are released into the small intestine to help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in food, aiding in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Options A and B are incorrect because the pancreas is not involved in storing or absorbing nutrients. Option D is partially correct as the pancreas also plays a role in regulating blood sugar levels by producing insulin and glucagon, but its primary function is to produce digestive enzymes.

Similar Questions