Nursing Elites

1. Stephanie delegates effectively if she has authority to act, which is BEST defined as:

• A. having responsibility to direct others
• B. being accountable to the organization
• C. having legitimate right to act
• D. telling others what to do

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'having responsibility to direct others.' Effective delegation involves entrusting tasks and responsibilities to others while still maintaining ultimate accountability. Authority to act means having the responsibility to direct others, making decisions, and overseeing the completion of tasks. This definition aligns with the core concept of delegation, where individuals are empowered and authorized to carry out specific duties. Being accountable to the organization (option B) is important but does not fully capture the proactive nature of delegation. Having a legitimate right to act (option C) is essential for effective delegation, but it is more about the formal authorization rather than the active responsibility to direct others. Simply telling others what to do (option D) is a narrow and authoritarian view of delegation that does not encompass the collaborative and empowering nature of effective delegation.

2. What does the term "terminal velocity" refer to in physics?

• A. Maximum velocity reached by an object in free fall
• B. Velocity when the object is at rest
• C. nstantaneous velocity of an object
• D. Velocity only reached by heavy objects

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Terminal velocity is the constant velocity achieved by an object falling through the atmosphere when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity.

3. Which component of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements, such as the contraction of skeletal muscles?

• A. Autonomic nervous system
• B. Peripheral nervous system
• C. Somatic nervous system
• D. Sympathetic nervous system

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the somatic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements, such as the contraction of skeletal muscles. This system consists of motor neurons that send signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles, allowing us to consciously control our movements. The autonomic nervous system (A) controls involuntary actions like heart rate and digestion, the peripheral nervous system (B) includes all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, and the sympathetic nervous system (D) is a division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the fight-or-flight response. Therefore, the somatic nervous system is specifically involved in voluntary movements.

4. Functional nursing has some advantages, which one is an EXCEPTION?

• A. Psychological and sociological needs are emphasized.
• B. Great control of work activities.
• C. Most economical way of delivering nursing services.
• D. Workers feel secure in dependent role

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Functional nursing is a task-oriented approach where each nurse is assigned specific duties, leading to efficient task completion but often resulting in a lack of holistic care. While functional nursing may provide great control over work activities and can be cost-effective due to specialization, it does not emphasize psychological and sociological needs, which is a significant disadvantage. Additionally, the dependent role that workers feel in functional nursing can lead to disempowerment and hinder professional growth and autonomy. Therefore, option A, 'Psychological and sociological needs are emphasized,' is the exception among the advantages of functional nursing.

5. Which state of matter has particles that are highly organized in a fixed pattern and vibrate in place?

• A. Solid
• B. Liquid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: a

Rationale: In solids, particles are tightly packed in an ordered arrangement and vibrate around fixed positions, giving solids a definite shape and volume.

6. Connective tissue provides support and connects other tissues. What is the main component that gives connective tissue its strength?

• A. Collagen fibers
• B. Epithelial cells
• C. Nerve cells
• D. Blood cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main component that gives connective tissue its strength is collagen fibers. Collagen is a fibrous protein that is the most abundant protein in the human body, providing tensile strength and support to tissues. Collagen fibers are arranged in a parallel fashion, giving connective tissue its resilience and ability to withstand stretching forces. Epithelial cells are not the main component of strength in connective tissue; they are specialized cells that line the surfaces of organs and structures. Nerve cells are responsible for transmitting signals and do not contribute to the strength of connective tissue. Blood cells are not structural components of connective tissue but rather play a role in transportation and immune function.

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