1. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestines, and is responsible for involuntary contractions to propel substances through the organs?

A. Cardiac muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Skeletal muscle
D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach and intestines. It is responsible for involuntary contractions to move substances through these organs. Unlike skeletal muscle (answer C) and cardiac muscle (answer A), smooth muscle is not under voluntary control. Striated muscle (answer D) is a term that refers to both skeletal and cardiac muscle due to their striped appearance under a microscope, but smooth muscle does not have this striped appearance.

2. What is the muscular sac in the female body that nourishes and protects a developing fetus?

A. Ovary
B. Fallopian tube
C. Uterus
D. Vagina

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uterus. The uterus is a muscular sac in the female body where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus during pregnancy. It provides nourishment to the developing fetus and protects it throughout gestation. The ovaries produce eggs, the fallopian tubes transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus, and the vagina is the canal leading from the uterus to the outside of the body. Therefore, the uterus is the specific organ responsible for nourishing and protecting a developing fetus in the female body.

3. Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

A. Detecting touch
B. Regulating body temperature
C. Producing insulin
D. Controlling muscle movement

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Producing insulin.' The nervous system is responsible for detecting touch (option A), regulating body temperature (option B), and controlling muscle movement (option D). Insulin production is actually regulated by the endocrine system, specifically the pancreas. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels, which is not a function of the nervous system. It is important to differentiate between the roles of the nervous system and the endocrine system in maintaining bodily functions.

4. Which property describes a substance's resistance to flow?

A. Density
B. Viscosity
C. Conductivity
D. Reactivity

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Viscosity refers to a substance's resistance to flow. Substances with high viscosity flow slowly, while those with low viscosity flow more easily.

5. Which of the following is NOT a method of sterilization?

A. Autoclave
B. UV light
C. Chemical disinfectants
D. Boiling water

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Autoclave: An autoclave is a method of sterilization that uses high pressure and steam to kill microorganisms, making it an effective way to sterilize equipment and materials. B) UV light: UV light is a method of sterilization that damages the DNA of microorganisms, preventing them from reproducing and causing infections. C) Chemical disinfectants: Chemical disinfectants are used to kill or inactivate microorganisms on surfaces, but they may not always achieve sterilization, which is the complete destruction of all microorganisms. D) Boiling water: Boiling water is a method of disinfection rather than sterilization. While boiling water can kill many microorganisms, it may not be effective against all types of bacteria, viruses, and spores, making it unsuitable for achieving sterilization. Therefore, the correct answer is D) Boiling water, as it is not a method of sterilization

6. What is the name of the microscopic finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine?

A. Goblet cells
B. Paneth cells
C. Villi
D. Crypts of Lieberkühn

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Goblet cells: Goblet cells are specialized cells that secrete mucus to protect the lining of the digestive tract. While important for maintaining the health of the intestines, goblet cells do not increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine. B) Paneth cells: Paneth cells are specialized cells found in the small intestine that secrete antimicrobial peptides. They play a role in protecting the intestinal stem cells and maintaining the gut microbiota balance, but they do not increase the surface area for absorption. C) Villi: Villi are microscopic finger-like projections found in the small intestine that increase the surface area available for absorption of nutrients. Each villus contains blood vessels and lacteals (lymphatic vessels) that help absorb nutrients from digested food. D) Crypts of Lieberkühn: Crypts of Lieberkühn are small pits located between the villi