1. What is the protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

A. Blood
B. Cerebrospinal fluid
C. Myelin sheath
D. Insulin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord, providing protection from impacts. Blood is essential for transporting nutrients and oxygen, but it does not directly surround or protect these vital nervous system structures. Myelin sheath is a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, not the fluid surrounding the nervous system. Insulin is a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels and is not related to protecting the brain and spinal cord.

2. What is the stage of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope reforms?

A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Telophase
D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Prophase is the stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing the chromosomes to condense and become visible. - Metaphase is the stage where the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate in the middle of the cell. - Telophase is the stage where the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated sister chromatids at opposite poles of the cell. - Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells, but it is not directly related to the reformation of the nuclear envelope.

3. When she presents the nursing procedures to be followed, she refers to what type of

A. Process
B. Outcome
C. Structure
D. Criteria

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the person is referring to the specific standards or benchmarks that must be met when presenting nursing procedures, which aligns with the definition of 'criteria'. Criteria are the established principles or requirements that serve as a reference point for evaluation or judgment. It is essential for healthcare professionals to adhere to specific criteria when performing procedures to ensure quality care. The other options, such as 'process', 'outcome', and 'structure', do not directly relate to the standards or benchmarks being referenced in this context.

4. Regular exercise is beneficial for the muscular system by:

A. Decreasing muscle mass
B. Improving muscle strength and endurance
C. Making muscles less flexible
D. Increasing the risk of muscle tears

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Improving muscle strength and endurance.' Regular exercise is beneficial for the muscular system as it helps to strengthen muscles and increase endurance. By engaging in consistent physical activity, muscles adapt and grow stronger, which can enhance overall physical performance and reduce the risk of injury. Exercise also improves blood flow to the muscles, aiding in their recovery and growth. It does not decrease muscle mass (A), make muscles less flexible (C), or increase the risk of muscle tears (D), as long as proper form and gradual progression are followed.

5. A stop sign has five equal sides, each measuring 25cm. What is its perimeter?

A. 100cm
B. 125cm
C. 150cm
D. 175cm

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Multiply the side length by the number of sides: perimeter = number of sides * side length = 5 * 25cm = 125cm.

6. Which of the following properties is NOT characteristic of a covalent bond?

A. Sharing of electrons between atoms
B. High melting and boiling points
C. Low electrical conductivity in solid state
D. Directional bonding

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. This sharing results in the formation of molecules with directional bonding, where the atoms are held together in a specific orientation. Covalent compounds generally have low melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds, as the intermolecular forces in covalent compounds are weaker. Additionally, covalent compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state because the electrons are localized between the atoms and not free to move and carry charge.