TEAS Physics: Key Concepts for Exam Success

ATI TEAS 7

physics

1. How does the mass of an object affect its inertia?

A. Mass has no impact on inertia
B. Higher mass increases inertia
C. Higher mass decreases inertia
D. Mass influences gravitational force, not inertia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion. The greater the mass of an object, the greater its inertia because it requires more force to change its state of motion. This is in line with Newton's first law of motion, which states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force.

2. What is the product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?

A. NaCl + H2O
B. NaOH + HCl
C. Na2Cl + H2O
D. NaClO3 + H2

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The reaction between HCl and NaOH results in the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).

3. What is the principle behind optical fibers used in communication?

A. Reflection of light within the fiber
B. Refraction of light due to different densities within the fiber
C. Total internal reflection guiding light through the fiber core
D. Diffraction of light around bends in the fiber

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Optical fibers used in communication rely on the principle of total internal reflection guiding light through the fiber core. When light enters the fiber at a certain angle, it reflects off the boundary between the core and cladding, ensuring that the light remains trapped within the core and travels along the fiber without significant loss of signal. This total internal reflection allows for efficient transmission of light signals over long distances in optical communication systems.

4. What is the difference between polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy?

A. Polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes influencing one trait, while pleiotropy involves one gene affecting multiple traits.
B. Polygenic inheritance is found in simple Mendelian traits, while pleiotropy is found in complex traits.
C. Polygenic inheritance is always quantitative, while pleiotropy can be qualitative or quantitative.
D. Both involve multiple genes and multiple traits, but the specific mechanisms differ

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - Polygenic inheritance refers to the situation where a trait is influenced by multiple genes, each contributing a small effect to the phenotype. These traits often show continuous variation and are not easily categorized into discrete categories. - Pleiotropy, on the other hand, occurs when a single gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated traits. This means that a mutation in one gene can lead to multiple phenotypic effects across different traits or characteristics. - Therefore, the key difference between polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy lies in the number of genes involved in influencing a trait (multiple genes in polygenic inheritance vs. one gene in pleiotropy) and the direction of influence (one trait affected by multiple genes in polygenic inheritance vs. multiple traits affected by one gene in pleiotropy).

5. What is the condition called when someone experiences a temporary loss of consciousness due to a lack of blood flow to the brain?

A. Stroke
B. Epilepsy
C. Syncope (fainting)
D. Multiple sclerosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Syncope (fainting)'. Syncope is the temporary loss of consciousness caused by a temporary drop in blood flow to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen reaching the brain. This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, sudden drop in blood pressure, or emotional stress. A stroke (option A) is a sudden interruption in the blood supply to the brain, leading to brain cell damage. Epilepsy (option B) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Multiple sclerosis (option D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Therefore, the correct term for a temporary loss of consciousness due to lack of blood flow to the brain is syncope.