Nursing Elites

1. During inhalation, which muscle contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing air to flow into the lungs?

• A. Diaphragm
• B. Intercostal muscles
• C. Abdominal muscles
• D. Pectoral muscles

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diaphragm. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. This action creates a pressure difference between the lungs and the atmosphere, causing air to flow into the lungs. The intercostal muscles also play a role by expanding the ribcage, but the primary muscle responsible for increasing thoracic cavity volume during inhalation is the diaphragm. Abdominal muscles are involved in exhalation by contracting to push the diaphragm up, reducing thoracic cavity volume. Pectoral muscles are located in the chest and are not directly involved in the breathing process.

2. What property of a wave determines the loudness of sound when heard by the human ear?

• A. Frequency
• B. Amplitude
• C. Wavelength
• D. Velocity

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The amplitude of a sound wave correlates with its perceived loudness by the human ear.

3. A pizza has a diameter of 40cm. What is its perimeter (circumference)?

• A. 62.8cm
• B. 125.5cm
• C. 125.6cm
• D. 251.2cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Multiply the diameter by π: perimeter = π * diameter = π * 40cm ≈ 125.6cm (Note: π ≈ 3.14)

4. Deficiency of which hormone can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in children?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Testosterone
• C. Growth hormone
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Growth hormone. Growth hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in humans. Deficiency of growth hormone can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in children. Estrogen and testosterone are sex hormones responsible for sexual development and characteristics, but they do not directly impact growth. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and is not associated with stunted growth or developmental delays.

5. How many amino acids can make up a protein?

• A. 10-20
• B. 50-100
• C. 100-500
• D. 1000+

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids. There are 20 standard amino acids that are commonly found in proteins. The sequence and arrangement of these amino acids determine the structure and function of a protein. While proteins can vary in size and complexity, the number of amino acids typically ranges from around 10 to 20 in smaller proteins to hundreds or even thousands in larger proteins. Therefore, the range of 10-20 amino acids is the most accurate representation of the number of amino acids that can make up a protein.

6. A medication must be taken twice daily, 12 hours apart. If the first dose is at 8:00 AM, what is the most convenient time for the second dose to avoid disrupting sleep?

• A. 4:00 PM
• B. 6:00 PM
• C. 8:00 PM
• D. 10:00 PM

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: To take the medication 12 hours apart from the first dose at 8:00 AM, the second dose should be taken at 8:00 PM. However, to avoid disrupting sleep, it is recommended to take the second dose a bit earlier. Taking the second dose at 6:00 PM ensures that the medication is still being taken 12 hours apart while allowing for a buffer before bedtime to avoid any potential disruptions to sleep.

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