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ATI TEAS 7

Biology

1. The neutral theory of molecular evolution proposes that:

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) The neutral theory of molecular evolution, proposed by Motoo Kimura in the 1960s, suggests that the majority of mutations that occur in DNA are selectively neutral, meaning they do not have a significant impact on an organism's fitness. These neutral mutations are not subject to natural selection and are allowed to accumulate in populations over time. This theory helps explain the high levels of genetic variation observed within populations. B) Option B is incorrect because not all mutations are beneficial. Mutations can be neutral, harmful, or beneficial, and the neutral theory specifically focuses on the idea that many mutations are neutral in their effects. C) Option C is incorrect because the neutral theory suggests that evolution is not primarily driven by strong directional selection pressures. Instead, it emphasizes the role of genetic drift and the accumulation of neutral mutations in shaping genetic variation. D) Option D is incorrect because

2. Homologous structures are those that:

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Option A is incorrect because structures with the same function but different origins are analogous structures, not homologous structures. - Option B is incorrect because structures with different functions but the same origin are also not homologous structures; they are considered to be vestigial structures. - Option D is incorrect because structures that are identical in both appearance and function are not necessarily homologous; they could be the result of convergent evolution. Homologous structures are those that share similarities in appearance and function due to being inherited from a common ancestor. These structures may have undergone modifications over time to adapt to different functions in different species, but their fundamental similarities can be traced back to a shared evolutionary history.

3. What is the relationship between work and kinetic energy?

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Work done on an object can change its kinetic energy, either increasing or decreasing it.

4. Which term describes a substance's ability to undergo a change that transforms it into a different substance?

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Reactivity refers to a substance's ability to undergo a chemical change or reaction, transforming it into one or more different substances with new properties.

5. What is the difference between constructive and destructive interference of waves?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Constructive interference occurs when peaks of two waves overlap, resulting in a higher combined amplitude. Destructive interference happens when peaks and troughs overlap, cancelling each other out and reducing the overall amplitude.

6. When does work on an object occur?

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Work is done when a force is applied to an object, causing it to move in the direction of the force.

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