1. Which of the following is the best guarantee that the patientâ€™s priority needs are met?

A. Checking with the relative of the patient
B. Preparing a nursing care plan in collaboration with the patient
C. Consulting with the physician
D. Coordinating with other members of the team

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Preparing a nursing care plan in collaboration with the patient is the best guarantee that the patient's priority needs are met because it involves actively involving the patient in their own care. This approach ensures that the patient's preferences, concerns, and priorities are taken into account when planning their care. Checking with the relative of the patient, consulting with the physician, and coordinating with other team members are important aspects of patient care, but collaborating with the patient directly ensures a patient-centered approach that addresses their individual needs and preferences.

2. A scientist observes a new species of plant with unusual leaves. They hypothesize that the leaves help capture more sunlight. Which observation would LEAST support this hypothesis?

A. The plant grows in shady environments.
B. The leaves have a large surface area.
C. The leaves contain high levels of chlorophyll.
D. The plant has shallow roots.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: If the plant thrives in shade, it suggests the leaves may have adapted for other purposes than maximizing sunlight capture.

3. What is the term for an organism with two different alleles for a gene?

A. Homozygous
B. Heterozygous
C. Dominant
D. Recessive

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An organism with two different alleles for a gene has a mixed genotype and may exhibit either the dominant or recessive trait depending on the specific gene and its alleles.

4. What is the main function of the urinary system?

A. Transporting oxygen
B. Fighting off infections
C. Maintaining acid-base balance
D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'All of the above.' The main function of the urinary system is not just limited to one specific task but encompasses multiple important functions. It is responsible for maintaining acid-base balance by regulating the pH of the blood through the excretion of acids and bases. Additionally, the urinary system plays a crucial role in filtering waste products from the blood and expelling them from the body, which helps in fighting off infections. Moreover, the urinary system is not involved in transporting oxygen, as this function is primarily carried out by the respiratory system. Therefore, 'All of the above' is the correct choice as it includes the comprehensive functions of the urinary system.

5. Identify the determiner in the following sentence: A few birds chirped happily in the branches of the tall tree.

A. happily
B. ranches
C. few
D. tree

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Determiners specify the quantity or identity of a noun. "Few" indicates the number of birds.

6. What skin condition is characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches?

A. Eczema
B. Psoriasis
C. Melanoma
D. Keloid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Eczema. Eczema is a common skin condition that is characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches on the skin. It is often triggered by environmental factors or allergies and can vary in severity. Psoriasis (option B) is also a skin condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin, but it is typically thicker and more silver or white in color compared to eczema. Melanoma (option C) is a type of skin cancer that usually presents as a new mole or a changing mole on the skin, rather than red, itchy patches. Keloid (option D) is a raised scar that can result from an overgrowth of scar tissue. Therefore, the most appropriate answer to this question is A: Eczema, based on the description of red, itchy, and inflamed patches.