Nursing Elites

1. An object is moving in a circle at constant speed. Is there a net force acting on it?

• A. Yes, always
• B. No, never
• C. Only if its speed is changing
• D. Only if its direction is changing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Even though the speed is constant, the direction is constantly changing, requiring a centripetal force to keep the object moving in a circle.

2. How can you differentiate between a bacterial and viral infection based solely on symptoms?

• A. It's impossible to differentiate solely on symptoms.
• B. Bacterial infections typically respond well to antibiotics, while viral infections don't.
• C. Bacterial infections usually cause fever, while viral infections don't.
• D. Viral infections often present with respiratory symptoms like a cough, while bacterial infections don't.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B is the correct answer because bacterial infections are typically treated with antibiotics, while viral infections do not respond to antibiotics. This is a key differentiating factor between the two types of infections. While some symptoms may overlap between bacterial and viral infections, the response to antibiotic treatment is a reliable indicator. It's important to note that solely relying on symptoms to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections can be challenging since many symptoms can be similar. Therefore, the response to antibiotics is a more definitive way to distinguish between the two types of infections.

3. What is the breakdown product of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) that provides energy for muscle contraction?

• A. Glucose
• B. Creatine phosphate
• C. ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
• D. Lactic acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: ADP (adenosine diphosphate). During muscle contraction, ATP is broken down into ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy that fuels the muscle contraction process. This energy release allows the muscle fibers to contract and perform work. Glucose is a source of energy that is broken down through cellular respiration to produce ATP but is not the direct breakdown product of ATP itself. Creatine phosphate is another energy storage molecule in muscles but is not the breakdown product of ATP. Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration when there is a lack of oxygen, and it is not the primary energy source for muscle contraction. Therefore, ADP is the correct breakdown product of ATP that provides energy for muscle contraction.

4. A lab report shows a potassium level of 4.5 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Is this within the normal range of 3.5 to 5.3 mmol/L?

• A. No, it is too low.
• B. Yes, it is within the normal range.
• C. No, it is too high.
• D. Cannot be determined without additional information.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The potassium level of 4.5 mmol/L falls within the normal range provided (3.5 to 5.3 mmol/L). 5. An infant's feeding schedule prescribes 120 milliliters of formula every 3 hours. How many ounces of formula should be prepared for a 24-hour period?

5. "Ironic" and "serious" are:

• A. synonyms (have the same meaning)
• B. antonyms (have opposite meanings)
• C. homonyms (sound the same but have different meanings)
• D. none of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Ironic" means the opposite of "serious."

6. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant public health threat because they are:

• A. Well-understood by medical professionals
• B. Easily treatable with existing antibiotics
• C. New, rapidly evolving, and can spread quickly
• D. Primarily affect animals and not humans

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant public health threat because they are characterized by being new or newly identified diseases that are rapidly evolving. These diseases can spread quickly within populations due to factors such as globalization, travel, urbanization, and changes in climate. EIDs often present challenges to medical professionals as they may not be well-understood initially, making it difficult to develop effective treatments or preventive measures. While some EIDs can be treatable with existing antibiotics, the rapid evolution of these diseases can lead to the development of drug resistance, further complicating treatment efforts. Additionally, EIDs are not limited to affecting animals; they can also have serious implications for human health and well-being.

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