1. Bradycardia refers to a heart rate that is:

A. Normal (60-100 bpm)
B. Slightly elevated (100-120 bpm)
C. Significantly elevated (>120 bpm)
D. Abnormally slow (<60 bpm)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Bradycardia refers to an abnormally slow heart rate, typically defined as being less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). A heart rate of 60-100 bpm is considered normal, not bradycardia. Choices B and C incorrectly describe elevated heart rates, which are not characteristic of bradycardia. Therefore, option D is the most accurate description of bradycardia as it signifies a heart rate that is slower than normal.

2. What property of a substance remains constant regardless of changes in its location in the universe?

A. Mass
B. Weight
C. Density
D. Volume

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Mass is an intrinsic property of matter and remains constant regardless of its location.

3. Which of the following nutrients is essential for muscle growth and repair?

A. Vitamin C
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrates
D. Fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein. Protein is essential for muscle growth and repair because it provides the necessary building blocks called amino acids. These amino acids are crucial for repairing and building muscle tissue, which is essential for overall muscle growth and recovery. While vitamins like Vitamin C play a role in overall health and immune function, they are not directly involved in muscle growth and repair. Carbohydrates provide energy for workouts, but they are not the primary nutrient needed for muscle repair. Fat is important for overall health but is not as directly involved in muscle growth and repair as protein is.

4. Stephanie delegates effectively if she has authority to act, which is BEST defined as:

A. having responsibility to direct others
B. being accountable to the organization
C. having legitimate right to act
D. telling others what to do

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'having responsibility to direct others.' Effective delegation involves entrusting tasks and responsibilities to others while still maintaining ultimate accountability. Authority to act means having the responsibility to direct others, making decisions, and overseeing the completion of tasks. This definition aligns with the core concept of delegation, where individuals are empowered and authorized to carry out specific duties. Being accountable to the organization (option B) is important but does not fully capture the proactive nature of delegation. Having a legitimate right to act (option C) is essential for effective delegation, but it is more about the formal authorization rather than the active responsibility to direct others. Simply telling others what to do (option D) is a narrow and authoritarian view of delegation that does not encompass the collaborative and empowering nature of effective delegation.

5. Hematopoietic tissue is responsible for

A. Building and repairing bone
B. Supporting and connecting tissues
C. Production of blood cells
D. Contracting for movement

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hematopoietic tissue is responsible for the production of blood cells. This specialized tissue is found in the bone marrow and is crucial for the continuous generation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These blood cells play essential roles in oxygen transport, immune defense, and blood clotting. Building and repairing bone (option A) is primarily the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone tissue. Supporting and connecting tissues (option B) is the role of connective tissues like tendons and ligaments. Contracting for movement (option D) is the function of muscle tissue. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as hematopoietic tissue specifically focuses on blood cell production.

6. A group of antibiotics that target the cell wall of bacteria are classified as:

A. Penicillins
B. Tetracyclines
C. Macrolides
D. Fluoroquinolones

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Penicillins are a group of antibiotics that target the cell wall of bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a key component of the bacterial cell wall. By interfering with cell wall synthesis, penicillins weaken the cell wall, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. This mechanism of action makes penicillins effective against a wide range of bacteria, particularly Gram-positive bacteria. Tetracyclines (B), Macrolides (C), and Fluoroquinolones (D) have different mechanisms of action and do not specifically target the bacterial cell wall. Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis, Macrolides interfere with bacterial ribosomes, and Fluoroquinolones target bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.