Nursing Elites

1. A ball rolls down an inclined plane. What is the main factor affecting its acceleration?

• A. The material of the ball
• B. The angle of the incline
• C. The air resistance
• D. The ball's initial velocity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main factor affecting the acceleration of a ball rolling down an inclined plane is the angle of the incline. The steeper the incline, the greater the component of the gravitational force acting parallel to the incline, leading to a higher acceleration of the ball. The material of the ball, air resistance, and the ball's initial velocity may have some impact on the motion of the ball, but the angle of the incline is the primary factor affecting acceleration in this scenario.

2. What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

• A. Transcribes DNA into mRNA
• B. Decodes the genetic code on mRNA
• C. Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes bas(a) Carries amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA), not ribosomal RNA. (b) Reads the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of the ribosomes as a whole, not just the ribosomal RNA. (d) Controls the rate of protein synthesis: This is a more complex process involving various factors, not solely ribosomal RNA. ? ed on the mRNA
• D. Modifies the structure of proteins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Transcribes DNA into mRNA: This is the function of RNA polymerase, not transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA is involved in protein synthesis, not transcription. B) Decodes the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of tRNA during translation. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and recognize the codons on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. C) Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific for a particular amino acid and carries it to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain. D) Modifies the structure of proteins: This is not a function of tRNA. Protein modification can occur after translation is complete and involves other cellular processes and molecules.

3. What is the role of DNA in evolution?

• A. It stores genetic information that can be passed on to offspring
• B. It allows for mutations that can introduce new variations
• C. It regulates the expression of genes that influence traits
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) DNA stores genetic information that is passed on from parents to offspring through the process of reproduction. This genetic information contains instructions for the development and functioning of an organism. B) DNA can undergo mutations, which are changes in the genetic sequence. These mutations can introduce new variations in the DNA, leading to genetic diversity within a population. C) DNA plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of genes. Gene expression determines which proteins are produced in an organism, influencing its traits and characteristics. D) Therefore, DNA is involved in all of the above processes, making it a key factor in evolution by driving genetic variation, inheritance, and gene expression.

4. What term describes the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings?

• A. Reflection
• B. Refraction
• C. Diffraction
• D. Absorption

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Diffraction occurs when waves bend around obstacles or spread after passing through small openings.

5. The liver plays a vital role in digestion. What is one of the main functions of the liver in the digestive system?

• A. Physical breakdown of food
• B. Production of digestive enzymes
• C. Storage and processing of nutrients
• D. Elimination of waste products

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Storage and processing of nutrients.' The liver is a crucial organ in the digestive system as it performs various functions such as storing nutrients like glucose, vitamins, and minerals, processing nutrients by converting them into usable forms for the body, and regulating their distribution to different parts of the body. While the physical breakdown of food primarily occurs in the mouth and stomach, and the production of digestive enzymes mainly happens in the pancreas and small intestine, the liver's main role is to manage and store the nutrients obtained from the digested food. Therefore, option C is the correct choice for the main function of the liver in the digestive process.

6. A decorative box has a rectangular base (20cm by 15cm) and a hemispherical top with the same diameter as the base. What is the total surface area of the box (excluding the base)?

• A. 825 sq cm
• B. 1075 sq cm
• C. 1325 sq cm
• D. 1575 sq cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the lateral sides and the hemisphere, then add them up.

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