Nursing Elites

1. What is the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients?

• A. Hypertrophy
• B. Atrophy
• C. Fibrosis
• D. Rigor mortis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Atrophy. Atrophy is the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients. When muscles are not regularly used or do not receive enough nutrients, they can decrease in size and strength. Hypertrophy, on the other hand, refers to the increase in muscle size and strength through exercise and proper nutrition. Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue, leading to scarring. Rigor mortis is a temporary stiffening of muscles that occurs after death. Therefore, in this context, atrophy best describes the wasting away of muscle tissue due to disuse or lack of nutrients.

2. The scientist discovered a new species of butterfly in the rainforest. What is the past tense of the verb "discover"?

• A. discovers
• B. discovered
• C. discovering
• D. discovery

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The past tense of a verb describes an action that happened in the past.

3. The gradual change in a species over time is called:

• A. Adaptation
• B. Evolution
• C. Speciation
• D. Natural selection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Adaptation refers to the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment over time. While adaptation is a component of evolution, it specifically refers to the changes that help a species survive and reproduce in its environment. - Speciation is the process by which new species arise from a single ancestral species. It involves the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations. - Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the increase in frequency of those traits in a population. - Evolution is the gradual change in a species over time, encompassing all the processes such as adaptation, speciation, and natural selection that drive these changes.

4. What is the process of cells becoming specialized to perform specific functions called?

• A. Cell division
• B. Cell differentiation
• C. Cell growth
• D. Cell regeneration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Cell division refers to the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. B) Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions. During differentiation, cells acquire specific structures and functions that allow them to carry out particular roles in the body. C) Cell growth is the process by which cells increase in size and number. D) Cell regeneration is the process by which new cells are produced to replace damaged or lost cells in an organism. In this context, the process of cells becoming specialized to perform specific functions is best described as cell differentiation.

5. Which element shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He)?

• A. Neon (Ne)
• B. Boron (B)
• C. Carbon (C)
• D. Oxygen (O)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Neon (Ne). Both He and Ne belong to Group 18 (Noble Gases) due to their complete and stable outer electron shells.

6. When making a dilution, you...

• A. Add more solute to a concentrated solution
• B. Change the temperature of the solution
• C. Decrease the concentration of a solution
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Decrease the concentration of a solution.' When making a dilution, you decrease the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent, not solute. Adding more solute to a concentrated solution would increase the concentration, not dilute it. Changing the temperature of the solution does not directly relate to dilution. Therefore, the only correct statement related to the process of making a dilution is that you decrease the concentration of the solution by adding more solvent, making option C the correct answer.

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