Nursing Elites

1. What is the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients?

• A. Hypertrophy
• B. Atrophy
• C. Fibrosis
• D. Rigor mortis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Atrophy. Atrophy is the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients. When muscles are not regularly used or do not receive enough nutrients, they can decrease in size and strength. Hypertrophy, on the other hand, refers to the increase in muscle size and strength through exercise and proper nutrition. Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue, leading to scarring. Rigor mortis is a temporary stiffening of muscles that occurs after death. Therefore, in this context, atrophy best describes the wasting away of muscle tissue due to disuse or lack of nutrients.

2. Which division of the nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body to respond to stressful situations?

• A. Somatic nervous system
• B. Autonomic nervous system
• C. Peripheral nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions, including the 'fight or flight' response. This response is crucial for survival, triggering the body to prepare for action in stressful situations by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and releasing adrenaline. The somatic nervous system (A) controls voluntary movements, the peripheral nervous system (C) connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and the central nervous system (D) consists of the brain and spinal cord, overseeing all bodily functions but not directly involved in the 'fight or flight' response.

3. Which hormone, produced by the ovaries, is responsible for the development of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle and supports early pregnancy?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Progesterone
• C. Testosterone
• D. Prolactin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Progesterone. Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries that plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. During the menstrual cycle, progesterone helps to prepare the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy by making it thick and vascularized. If fertilization occurs, progesterone continues to support the early stages of pregnancy by maintaining the uterine lining and preventing menstruation. Estrogen also plays a role in the menstrual cycle by stimulating the growth of the uterine lining, but progesterone is primarily responsible for maintaining the uterine environment suitable for implantation and supporting early pregnancy. Testosterone is a male sex hormone, while prolactin is a hormone involved in milk production after childbirth.

4. What is the unit of force in the SI system?

• A. Newton (N)
• B. Kilogram (kg)
• C. Meter (m)
• D. Second (s)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Force is measured in Newtons, named after Isaac Newton who formulated the laws of motion.

5. What is the purpose of the periosteum, the tough outer layer of bone?

• A. Produces red blood cells
• B. Provides protection and nourishment to bone
• C. Forms the joint surface
• D. Stores minerals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Provides protection and nourishment to bone.' The periosteum is a tough outer layer of bone that serves multiple functions. It provides protection by acting as a barrier against infections and injuries. Additionally, the periosteum contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to the bone cells, aiding in bone growth, repair, and maintenance. While red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, not in the periosteum, the periosteum's primary role is to support the overall health and integrity of the bone structure.

6. Two objects with equal masses collide head-on, both initially moving at the same speed. After the collision, they stick together. What is their final velocity?

• A. Zero
• B. Half their initial velocity
• C. Their initial velocity
• D. Twice their initial velocity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In an inelastic collision like this, kinetic energy is not conserved, but momentum is. Since the total momentum before the collision was zero (equal and opposite velocities), it must be zero after the collision as well, resulting in both objects stopping.

Similar Questions