TEAS 7 Biology: Master Key Concepts

ATI TEAS 7

Biology

1. Where does cellular respiration, the process of converting chemical energy into ATP, take place in eukaryotic cells?

A. Nucleus
B. Ribosomes
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Cellular respiration, the process of converting chemical energy into ATP, takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for generating most of the cell's ATP through the process of cellular respiration. This process involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP, which is the primary energy currency of the cell. The other organelles listed in the options (nucleus, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus) do not play a direct role in cellular respiration.

2. A study finds a specific gene linked to increased risk of heart disease. Does this mean everyone with that gene will develop heart disease?

A. Yes, the gene deterministically causes heart disease.
B. No, other factors also influence heart disease risk.
C. We need more research to clarify the gene's exact role.
D. Only people with a family history of heart disease need to worry.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The presence of a specific gene linked to an increased risk of heart disease does not guarantee that everyone with that gene will develop the condition. Other factors such as lifestyle, environment, and overall health also play a significant role in determining an individual's risk of heart disease. Therefore, it is essential to consider these additional factors rather than solely attributing the risk to the gene itself.

3. Define work in physics.

A. Force applied to an object at rest
B. Force exerted by an object in motion
C. Transfer of energy through motion along a direction
D. Measure of an object's potential energy

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Work in physics is the transfer of energy when a force is applied and the object moves in the direction of the force.

4. The primary function of the placenta during pregnancy is to:

A. Produce insulin
B. Facilitate gas exchange between mother and fetus
C. Excrete waste products from the fetus
D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' The placenta serves multiple crucial functions during pregnancy. It facilitates gas exchange between the mother and fetus, ensuring the transfer of oxygen and nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and waste products. Additionally, the placenta produces hormones like insulin that help regulate the mother's metabolism and support the development of the fetus. Therefore, the placenta plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy environment for the growing fetus by providing essential nutrients, removing waste, and regulating hormonal balance.

5. What is the CRISPR-Cas9 system used for in gene editing?

A. To amplify specific DNA sequences.
B. To cut DNA at specific locations.
C. To deliver genes into cells.
D. To sequence entire genomes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful tool used in gene editing to precisely target and cut DNA at specific locations within the genome. This system consists of a guide RNA that directs the Cas9 enzyme to the desired DNA sequence, where it creates a double-strand break. This break can then be repaired by the cell's natural DNA repair mechanisms, allowing for the introduction of specific genetic modifications. Options A, C, and D do not accurately describe the primary function of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in gene editing.