Nursing Elites

1. Where does cellular respiration, the process of converting chemical energy into ATP, take place in eukaryotic cells?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Ribosomes
• C. Mitochondria
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Cellular respiration, the process of converting chemical energy into ATP, takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for generating most of the cell's ATP through the process of cellular respiration. This process involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP, which is the primary energy currency of the cell. The other organelles listed in the options (nucleus, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus) do not play a direct role in cellular respiration.

2. The largest lymphatic vessel in the body is responsible for draining lymph from most of the body. What is it called?

• A. Jugular vein
• B. Thoracic duct
• C. Subclavian vein
• D. Aorta

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thoracic duct. The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body and is responsible for draining lymph from most of the body. It collects lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities. The jugular vein (A) is a major blood vessel that drains blood from the head. The subclavian vein (C) is responsible for draining blood from the upper extremities. The aorta (D) is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. Therefore, the thoracic duct is the correct answer for the largest lymphatic vessel in the body.

3. The least common multiple (LCM) of two numbers is the smallest number that is a multiple of both. Which of the following represents the LCM of 14 and 21?

• A. 42
• B. 63
• C. 84
• D. 168

Correct answer: C

Rationale: We can list out the multiples of each number until we find a common multiple. 14, 28, 42, 56, 84, ... 21, 42, 63, 84, ... The least common multiple is 84.

4. According to the wave theory of light, the bright fringes observed in a double-slit experiment correspond to:

• A. Constructive interference
• B. Destructive interference
• C. Increased diffraction
• D. Total internal reflection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Constructive interference. According to the wave theory of light, when two light waves meet in phase (crest to crest or trough to trough), they combine to produce a brighter fringe. This is known as constructive interference, leading to the formation of bright fringes in a double-slit experiment. Destructive interference, on the other hand, occurs when two waves are out of phase (crest to trough), resulting in a dimmer or dark fringe. Increased diffraction refers to the bending of light waves around obstacles, not the formation of bright fringes. Total internal reflection is a phenomenon that occurs at the boundary between two different mediums when light is reflected back into the original medium. Therefore, the bright fringes observed in a double-slit experiment correspond to constructive interference.

5. Which word completes the sentence "He was ____ by the unexpected turn of events."

• A. elated (joyful)
• B. bewildered (confused)
• C. vindicated (justified)
• D. apathetic (uninterested)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Bewildered" best describes the confusion caused by the unexpected events.

6. Deficiency of which hormone can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in children?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Testosterone
• C. Growth hormone
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Growth hormone. Growth hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in humans. Deficiency of growth hormone can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in children. Estrogen and testosterone are sex hormones responsible for sexual development and characteristics, but they do not directly impact growth. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and is not associated with stunted growth or developmental delays.

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