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ATI TEAS 7

Biology

1. Where does cellular respiration, the process of converting chemical energy into ATP, take place in eukaryotic cells?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Cellular respiration, the process of converting chemical energy into ATP, takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for generating most of the cell's ATP through the process of cellular respiration. This process involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP, which is the primary energy currency of the cell. The other organelles listed in the options (nucleus, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus) do not play a direct role in cellular respiration.

2. Which statement is TRUE about valence electrons?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: They are most likely to participate in chemical bonding - Valence electrons occupy the outermost shell and are readily involved in forming bonds with other atoms.

3. When light interacts with a perfectly smooth surface, like a mirror, the dominant interaction is:

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Specular reflection. When light interacts with a perfectly smooth surface like a mirror, it undergoes specular reflection, where the light rays are reflected at the same angle as the incident angle. Refraction (option A) occurs when light passes from one medium to another at an angle, causing it to change direction. Diffraction (option B) is the bending of light waves around obstacles or through small openings. Total internal reflection (option C) occurs when light traveling in a medium strikes the boundary with another medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to reflect back into the original medium. In the case of a perfectly smooth surface, specular reflection is the dominant interaction as the light rays reflect in a single direction with minimal scattering or diffraction.

4. Which verb tense is most appropriate for this sentence: "By next week, _____ finished the project."

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B expresses a future event completed before another future point in time (next week).

5. How does the structure of centromeres contribute to chromosome movement during mitosis?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) The centromere provides a binding site for spindle fibers, which are microtubules that help move chromosomes during cell division. This attachment allows the chromosomes to be pulled towards opposite poles of the cell during mitosis. Therefore, the structure of centromeres directly contributes to chromosome movement during mitosis by facilitating the attachment and manipulation of chromosomes by the spindle fibers. B) While the centromere does serve as a dividing point between sister chromatids, ensuring their separation during anaphase, this function is more related to the segregation of chromosomes rather than their movement. C) The centromere does play a role in maintaining chromosome stability by ensuring proper chromosome segregation, but it is not primarily responsible for preventing chromosomal breaks and rearrangements. D) The centromere is not directly involved in DNA replication. Its main function is

6. Which property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in gravity?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in gravity. Weight, on the other hand, is the force of gravity acting on an object's mass and can vary depending on the strength of gravity. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies, which can change depending on the environment, and density is the mass of an object per unit volume, which can also change with variations in gravity.

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