Nursing Elites

1. A pizza has a diameter of 40cm. What is its perimeter (circumference)?

• A. 62.8cm
• B. 125.5cm
• C. 125.6cm
• D. 251.2cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Multiply the diameter by π: perimeter = π * diameter = π * 40cm ≈ 125.6cm (Note: π ≈ 3.14)

2. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. How does urine flow through the urethra?

• A. Continuously
• B. Only when the bladder is completely full
• C. Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles
• D. A combination of b) and c)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles." The urethra is the tube responsible for carrying urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Urine flow through the urethra is not continuous but rather under voluntary control. The sphincter muscles, located at the opening of the bladder and urethra, help control the release of urine. This control allows individuals to regulate when and where they empty their bladder, providing a mechanism to prevent involuntary leakage of urine. Therefore, option C accurately describes how urine flows through the urethra.

3. Which of the following describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• A. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells don't.
• B. Eukaryotic cells are simpler in structure than prokaryotic cells.
• C. Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells don't.
• D. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack these.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells don't.' Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane. This distinction is a fundamental difference between the two cell types. Choice B is incorrect because eukaryotic cells are actually more complex than prokaryotic cells due to their membrane-bound organelles. Choice C is incorrect because prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles. Choice D is incorrect because eukaryotic cells have both a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, unlike prokaryotic cells. Understanding this key difference is crucial in understanding the diversity of cell types in living organisms.

4. Which of the following is a functional group commonly found in alcohols?

• A. Carbonyl
• B. Hydroxyl
• C. Amine
• D. Ester

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The hydroxyl functional group (OH) is commonly found in alcohols. The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

5. What is the process of converting DNA into a protein called?

• A. Transcription
• B. Translation
• C. Replication
• D. Mutation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Transcription is the process of converting DNA into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used to make proteins.

6. A bag contains 5 red marbles and 7 blue marbles. If you draw a marble without looking, what is the probability it will be red?

• A. 1/4
• B. 1/3
• C. 1/2
• D. 2/3

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Divide the number of red marbles (5) by the total number of marbles (12) to get 1/3 probability.

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