Nursing Elites

1. A pizza has a diameter of 40cm. What is its perimeter (circumference)?

• A. 62.8cm
• B. 125.5cm
• C. 125.6cm
• D. 251.2cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Multiply the diameter by π: perimeter = π * diameter = π * 40cm ≈ 125.6cm (Note: π ≈ 3.14)

2. What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both related to insulin and blood sugar?

• A. Type 1 is caused by insulin resistance, type 2 by insulin deficiency.
• B. Type 1 is temporary, type 2 is permanent.
• C. Type 1 affects adults, type 2 affects children
• D. Type 1 is treated with diet only, type 2 requires medication.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Type 1 is caused by insulin resistance, type 2 by insulin deficiency.' Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells, leading to insulin deficiency. In contrast, type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin's effects. This distinction is crucial for understanding the underlying causes and treatment approaches for each type of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is not temporary; it is a chronic condition that requires lifelong management. Type 2 diabetes can also affect adults, but it is more commonly diagnosed in middle-aged and older adults. Treatment for type 1 diabetes typically involves insulin therapy along with diet and exercise, while type 2 diabetes may require medication in addition to lifestyle modifications.

3. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Bony skeleton
• C. External ears
• D. Bloodstream

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: External ears. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue found in the respiratory tract, where it appears to be stratified but all cells are anchored to the basement membrane. The external ears are lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium to help protect and support the structures of the ear canal. Skeletal muscle (A) is a type of muscle tissue, bony skeleton (B) refers to bones, and bloodstream (D) is a system for blood circulation, which are not related to pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

4. What happens to the momentum of an object when there is no external force acting upon it?

• A. Momentum increases
• B. Momentum decreases
• C. Momentum remains constant
• D. Momentum becomes zero

Correct answer: c

Rationale: In the absence of external forces, momentum remains constant due to the conservation of momentum.

5. The fatty sheath that insulates some nerve fibers and speeds up signal transmission is called the:

• A. Myelin sheath
• B. Dura mater
• C. Pia mater
• D. Arachnoid mater

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that surrounds and insulates certain nerve fibers. It acts as an electrical insulator, speeding up the transmission of nerve impulses along the axon. This insulation helps to prevent signal loss or interference, allowing for faster and more efficient communication between neurons. The other options, B: Dura mater, C: Pia mater, and D: Arachnoid mater, are all layers of the meninges that protect the brain and spinal cord, but they do not play a role in insulating nerve fibers for signal transmission like the myelin sheath does.

6. Which term refers to the point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, where communication occurs to initiate muscle contraction?

• A. Sarcomere
• B. Synapse
• C. Tendon
• D. Myofibril

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Synapse. A synapse is the point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. At the synapse, communication occurs in the form of neurotransmitters being released from the neuron and binding to receptors on the muscle fiber, initiating muscle contraction. A sarcomere refers to the basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber, not the point of contact between a motor neuron and muscle fiber. A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone, not the communication point. Myofibril is a structure within muscle fibers that contains sarcomeres, but it is not the specific term for the point of contact between a motor neuron and muscle fiber.

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