Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

• A. Carries amino acids to the ribosomes
• B. Reads th(a) Carries amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA), not ribosomal RNA. (b) Reads the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of the ribosomes as a whole, not just the ribosomal RNA. (d) Controls the rate of protein synthesis: This is a more complex process involving various factors, not solely ribosomal RNA. e genetic code on mRNA
• C. Forms the structural framework of ribosomes
• D. Controls the rate of protein synthesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays a crucial role in forming the structural framework of ribosomes, which are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes consist of both protein and rRNA components, with rRNA providing the structural support necessary for the ribosome to function properly. This structural framework allows the ribosome to interact with messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) during the process of translation, where the genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble proteins from amino acids. Therefore, the primary function of rRNA is to contribute to the structure and function of ribosomes, rather than directly carrying amino acids, reading the genetic code, or controlling the rate of protein synthesis.

2. What is the process of breaking down proteins into amino acids called?

• A. Proteolysis
• B. Lipolysis
• C. Carbohydrate catabolism
• D. Nucleic acid catabolism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Proteolysis is the process of breaking down proteins into amino acids. Lipolysis is the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol, not proteins. Carbohydrate catabolism involves the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose for energy production. Nucleic acid catabolism is the breakdown of nucleic acids into nucleotides. In this context, the specific process of breaking down proteins into amino acids is best described by proteolysis.

3. Which of the following minerals is important for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system?

• A. Iron
• B. Sodium
• C. Calcium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium. Calcium is essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones. It is a key mineral stored in bones by the skeletal system, where it provides structural support and strength. Adequate calcium intake is crucial for preventing bone diseases like osteoporosis and ensuring proper bone formation and density. Iron (A), Sodium (B), and Magnesium (D) are important minerals for various bodily functions but are not primarily responsible for bone health and storage in bones by the skeletal system.

4. Which sentence uses the present perfect continuous tense correctly?

• A. I have been working on this project since morning.
• B. She has finished the book already.
• C. They will be leaving for vacation tomorrow.
• D. He had been living in the city for ten years.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A emphasizes the ongoing action (working) that started in the past and continues to the present.

5. Which muscle plays a significant role in the process of forced exhalation by contracting to reduce the thoracic cavity volume?

• A. Diaphragm
• B. External intercostal muscles
• C. Internal intercostal muscles
• D. Abdominal muscles

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Internal intercostal muscles. During forced exhalation, these muscles contract to depress the ribs and decrease the thoracic cavity volume, assisting in pushing air out of the lungs. The diaphragm is primarily responsible for inhalation by contracting to increase thoracic cavity volume. External intercostal muscles aid in inhalation by elevating the ribs. Abdominal muscles are involved in activities like coughing, sneezing, and forced exhalation by compressing the abdominal contents to further reduce thoracic volume. Therefore, the internal intercostal muscles have a significant role in forced exhalation.

6. Which mineral is crucial for bone strength and is stored in bones and teeth?

• A. Calcium
• B. Iron
• C. Magnesium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Calcium. Calcium is crucial for bone strength as it is a key mineral stored in bones and teeth. It plays a vital role in maintaining bone density and strength, helping to prevent conditions like osteoporosis. Without an adequate intake of calcium, individuals may be at risk of developing weak and brittle bones. Iron (B), Magnesium (C), and Potassium (D) are important minerals for various bodily functions, but they are not primarily responsible for bone strength and storage in bones and teeth.

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