ATI TEAS 7
Biology
1. What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
- A. Carries amino acids to the ribosomes
- B. Reads th(a) Carries amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA), not ribosomal RNA. (b) Reads the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of the ribosomes as a whole, not just the ribosomal RNA. (d) Controls the rate of protein synthesis: This is a more complex process involving various factors, not solely ribosomal RNA. e genetic code on mRNA
- C. Forms the structural framework of ribosomes
- D. Controls the rate of protein synthesis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays a crucial role in forming the structural framework of ribosomes, which are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes consist of both protein and rRNA components, with rRNA providing the structural support necessary for the ribosome to function properly. This structural framework allows the ribosome to interact with messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) during the process of translation, where the genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble proteins from amino acids. Therefore, the primary function of rRNA is to contribute to the structure and function of ribosomes, rather than directly carrying amino acids, reading the genetic code, or controlling the rate of protein synthesis.
2. Which element is used in fire extinguishers to smother flames by displacing oxygen?
- A. Nitrogen
- B. Carbon dioxide
- C. Helium
- D. Argon
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Carbon dioxide extinguishes flames by depriving them of oxygen, preventing the chemical reaction that sustains the fire.
3. What is the term for the process of converting a liquid into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point?
- A. Vaporization
- B. Evaporation
- C. Condensation
- D. Sublimation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Evaporation is the process of converting a liquid into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point. The other choices describe different phase changes.
4. What is the role of RNA in the regulation of gene expression?
- A. Provides energy for the process
- B. Controls the timing and location of protein synthesis
- C. Translates the genetic code into amino acids
- D. Stores genetic information
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: A) RNA does not provide energy for the process of gene expression. Energy is typically provided by molecules like ATP. B) RNA plays a crucial role in controlling the timing and location of protein synthesis through processes like transcriptional regulation, RNA splicing, and post-transcriptional modifications. It helps determine when and where specific proteins are produced in the cell. C) While mRNA translates the genetic code into amino acids during the process of translation, this is not the primary role of RNA in the regulation of gene expression. D) RNA does not store genetic information in the same way that DNA does. DNA is the molecule responsible for storing genetic information in the form of genes. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice as it accurately describes the role of RNA in regulating gene expression.
5. In a food chain, which trophic level captures energy from the sun?
- A. Decomposers
- B. Carnivores
- C. Producers
- D. Omnivores
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Producers, such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, are the organisms in a food chain that capture energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis. They convert sunlight into chemical energy, which is then passed on to other organisms in the food chain. Producers are at the base of the food chain and form the foundation for all other trophic levels to obtain energy. Decomposers (option A) break down organic matter, carnivores (option B) consume other animals, and omnivores (option D) consume both plants and animals, but they do not directly capture energy from the sun.
6. What is the function of the pituitary gland?
- A. Produces hormones that regulate growth and metabolism
- B. Filters blood and removes waste products
- C. Stores and releases bile
- D. Produces red blood cells
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands in the body. It is located at the base of the brain and produces a variety of hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and blood pressure.
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