Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

• A. Carries amino acids to the ribosomes
• B. Reads th(a) Carries amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA), not ribosomal RNA. (b) Reads the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of the ribosomes as a whole, not just the ribosomal RNA. (d) Controls the rate of protein synthesis: This is a more complex process involving various factors, not solely ribosomal RNA. e genetic code on mRNA
• C. Forms the structural framework of ribosomes
• D. Controls the rate of protein synthesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays a crucial role in forming the structural framework of ribosomes, which are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes consist of both protein and rRNA components, with rRNA providing the structural support necessary for the ribosome to function properly. This structural framework allows the ribosome to interact with messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) during the process of translation, where the genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble proteins from amino acids. Therefore, the primary function of rRNA is to contribute to the structure and function of ribosomes, rather than directly carrying amino acids, reading the genetic code, or controlling the rate of protein synthesis.

2. Which type of muscle tissue contracts involuntarily and is found in organs like the heart and intestines?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Smooth muscle
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smooth muscle. Smooth muscle tissue contracts involuntarily and is found in organs like the heart and intestines. Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movements, and cardiac muscle is specific to the heart. Therefore, smooth muscle is the only type of muscle tissue that fits the description provided in the question, making it the correct choice. Option D, 'All of the above,' is incorrect as it includes skeletal and cardiac muscles, which do not fit the criteria of being found in organs like the heart and intestines. Understanding the differences between these types of muscle tissue is crucial for comprehending their specific functions in the body.

3. Osteoporosis is a condition leading to weakened bones and increased risk of fractures. Which hormone plays a key role in bone health and is often affected in osteoporosis?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Testosterone
• C. Thyroid hormone
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Estrogen plays a crucial role in bone health by promoting the activity of bone-forming cells and inhibiting bone breakdown. In women, estrogen levels decrease significantly during menopause, leading to a higher risk of osteoporosis. This hormone helps maintain bone density and strength, making it essential for preventing bone loss and fractures. Testosterone, while important for overall health, does not have as significant of an impact on bone health as estrogen does. Thyroid hormone and insulin also have roles in the body, but they are not as directly linked to bone health as estrogen. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Estrogen.

4. What is the name for the smallest amount of an element that can exist independently and retain its chemical properties?

• A. Molecule
• B. Atom
• C. Compound
• D. Mixture

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An atom is the fundamental building block of an element, consisting of a nucleus and electrons.

5. Beta waves, associated with alertness and focused attention, typically fall within the range of:

• A. 0.5-4 Hz
• B. 4-8 Hz
• C. 8-13 Hz
• D. 13-30 Hz

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Beta waves are neural oscillations in the brain that are associated with alertness, concentration, and active thinking. They typically fall within the frequency range of 13-30 Hz. This range is indicative of a person being awake, alert, and engaged in cognitive tasks requiring focus. Lower frequency ranges like 0.5-4 Hz (Delta waves) are associated with deep sleep and unconsciousness, while higher ranges like 8-13 Hz (Alpha waves) are linked to a relaxed and meditative state. Therefore, option D (13-30 Hz) is the correct range for beta waves, reflecting the brain's heightened activity during periods of attentiveness and concentration.

6. A decorative box has a rectangular base (20cm by 15cm) and a hemispherical top with the same diameter as the base. What is the total surface area of the box (excluding the base)?

• A. 825 sq cm
• B. 1075 sq cm
• C. 1325 sq cm
• D. 1575 sq cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the lateral sides and the hemisphere, then add them up.

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