1. Nervous tissue is responsible for

A. Movement
B. Protection
C. Communication and coordination
D. Nutrient transport

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nervous tissue is responsible for communication and coordination within the body. This tissue includes neurons and supporting cells, which work together to transmit electrical signals and information throughout the body. Movement is primarily controlled by the muscular system, protection is the role of the immune system and skin, while nutrient transport is primarily handled by the circulatory system. Therefore, the correct answer is C: 'Communication and coordination.'

2. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that can directly cause evolution by natural selection?

A. Mutations in genes
B. Differential survival and reproduction based on traits
C. Inheritance of acquired characteristics (like strong muscles from working out)
D. Competition for resources in an environment

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Mutations in genes can introduce new genetic variations into a population, which can be acted upon by natural selection. B) Differential survival and reproduction based on traits is a key component of natural selection, as individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation. C) Inheritance of acquired characteristics, also known as Lamarckism, is not a mechanism of evolution by natural selection. Traits acquired during an individual's lifetime (such as strong muscles from working out) are not passed on to offspring. D) Competition for resources in an environment can drive natural selection by favoring individuals with traits that help them better compete for limited resources. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Inheritance of acquired characteristics (like strong muscles from working out), as it is not a mechanism that can directly cause evolution by natural selection.

3. Which process involves the body's natural defense against inhaled dust and allergens?

A. Cellular respiration
B. Gas exchange
C. Ciliary action
D. Bronchoconstriction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ciliary action. Cilia are tiny hair-like structures lining the respiratory tract that help trap and remove inhaled dust and allergens. When these particles are trapped in the mucus produced by the cilia, the cilia beat in a coordinated fashion to move the mucus and its trapped particles out of the respiratory system, preventing them from reaching the lungs. Cellular respiration (A) is the process by which cells generate energy from nutrients, not a defense mechanism. Gas exchange (B) refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, not a defense mechanism. Bronchoconstriction (D) is the narrowing of the airways, often in response to triggers like allergens, but it is not the body's natural defense mechanism against inhaled dust and allergens.

4. What is the name for the process where a solid changes directly into a gas?

A. Evaporation
B. Sublimation
C. Condensation
D. Melting

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sublimation occurs when a solid directly transforms into a gas without passing through a liquid phase.

5. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty?

A. Growth hormone
B. Testosterone (in males) and Estrogen (in females
C. Insulin
D. Thyroid hormone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Testosterone (in males) and Estrogen (in females). During puberty, the release of these sex hormones plays a crucial role in the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics. Testosterone is responsible for male characteristics like facial hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle growth, while Estrogen contributes to female features such as breast development and the widening of hips. Growth hormone primarily regulates overall growth and development, while Insulin is involved in glucose metabolism and Thyroid hormone controls metabolism and energy levels. Therefore, the correct choice is B as Testosterone and Estrogen are specifically responsible for the changes seen during puberty.

6. Which organ produces insulin?

A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Kidneys

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in producing insulin. Specialized cells within the pancreas, called beta cells, are responsible for synthesizing and secreting insulin in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Therefore, the pancreas is the organ that produces insulin.