Nursing Elites

1. What is the process of making copies of DNA called?

• A. Transcription
• B. Translation
• C. Replication
• D. DNA repair

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. It involves the creation of mRNA molecules from a DNA template. B) Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA. During translation, the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a protein. C) Replication is the process of making copies of DNA. This process occurs before cell division and ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. D) DNA repair is a cellular mechanism that corrects errors in DNA that arise due to various factors such as exposure to mutagens or mistakes during DNA replication. It is essential for maintaining the integrity of the genetic material.

2. Which of the following is an example of a polymer?

• A. Methane
• B. Ethanol
• C. Polyethylene
• D. Acetic acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Polyethylene is a polymer, consisting of a large number of repeating ethylene units. The other choices represent small organic compounds.

3. How does an unbalanced force affect an object at rest?

• A. It maintains the object's state of rest
• B. It does not affect the object's rest
• C. It moves the object into motion
• D. It decreases the object's mass

Correct answer: c

Rationale: An unbalanced force acting on an object at rest causes it to start moving.

4. Following a successful heart transplant surgery, the patient's body will need to take medications to:

• A. Suppress the immune system and prevent rejection of the new heart.
• B. Reduce overall blood pressure.
• C. Dissolve any remaining blood clots.
• D. Stimulate the growth of new heart tissue.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Suppress the immune system and prevent rejection of the new heart.' After a heart transplant surgery, the body's immune system may recognize the new heart as a foreign object and try to attack it, leading to rejection. To prevent this, patients need to take medications that suppress the immune system, helping the body accept the new heart. These medications are crucial to ensure the success and longevity of the transplanted organ by reducing the risk of rejection. Options B, C, and D are not directly related to the post-heart transplant medication regimen and do not address the primary concern of preventing rejection.

5. Which element is a critical component of DNA and RNA, essential for storing and transmitting genetic information?

• A. Oxygen
• B. Carbon
• C. Nitrogen
• D. Hydrogen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Carbon's ability to form diverse bonds makes it the backbone of genetic molecules, enabling efficient information storage and transmission

6. Which of the following is a condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath?

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Tuberculosis
• C. Asthma
• D. Emphysema

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Asthma. Asthma is a chronic condition that involves inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Pneumonia (A) is an infection of the lungs, not a chronic inflammatory condition like asthma. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs and does not typically manifest with symptoms like wheezing. Emphysema (D) is a lung condition characterized by damage to the air sacs in the lungs, not inflammation and narrowing of the airways like asthma.

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