Nursing Elites

1. hich word is most closely associated with the adjective "meticulous"?

• A. careless
• B. precise
• C. indifferent
• D. enthusiastic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Meticulous" implies carefulness and attention to detail, making "precise" its closest synonym.

2. The endocrine system communicates through chemical messengers called:

• A. Enzymes
• B. Hormones
• C. Antibodies
• D. Neurons

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hormones. The endocrine system communicates through hormones, which are chemical messengers produced by various glands in the body. These hormones are released into the bloodstream and travel to target organs or tissues to regulate a wide range of bodily functions. Enzymes (A) are biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions, not chemical messengers for communication within the body. Antibodies (C) are involved in the immune system's response to foreign substances. Neurons (D) are part of the nervous system and communicate through electrical impulses rather than chemical messengers like hormones.

3. Which of the following is NOT a part of the body's innate immune response?

• A. Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes
• B. Phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens
• C. Inflammatory response to isolate and contain infection
• D. Production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The body's innate immune response is the first line of defense against pathogens, and it includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes (option A), phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens (option B), and the inflammatory response to isolate and contain infections (option C). The production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen (option D) is part of the adaptive immune response, which develops over time and is not considered part of the innate immune system. Therefore, option D is not a component of the body's innate immune response.

4. What is the term for a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature and pressure?

• A. Saturated solution
• B. Unsaturated solution
• C. Dilute solution
• D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A saturated solution is one in which the maximum amount of solute has dissolved under specific conditions. The other choices do not accurately describe a saturated solution.

5. What is the main function of the epiglottis, a small flap of cartilage located above the larynx?

• A. To warm and humidify inhaled air
• B. To control the passage of food and air
• C. To produce sound vibrations for speech
• D. To sense the presence of foreign objects

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To control the passage of food and air.' The epiglottis is a crucial structure that prevents food and liquids from entering the airway during swallowing. It acts as a lid over the trachea, ensuring that food goes down the esophagus while air passes into the respiratory system. This function is essential for preventing choking and ensuring proper breathing. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as the epiglottis is not primarily responsible for warming and humidifying inhaled air, producing sound vibrations for speech, or sensing foreign objects.

6. Which orbital can hold a maximum of 8 electrons?

• A. s orbital
• B. p orbital
• C. d orbital
• D. f orbital

Correct answer: C

Rationale: d orbital - Each d orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, and there are 5 d orbitals, totaling 10 possible electrons.

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