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ATI TEAS 7

Biology

1. What is the process of converting simple sugars into complex carbohydrates called?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate to produce energy. B) Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or glycerol. C) The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. D) Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration where ATP is produced using energy derived from the electron transport chain.

2. What is the term for a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Autosomal dominant disorder: This type of genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in one copy of an autosomal gene. It is not related to mitochondrial gene mutations. B) Autosomal recessive disorder: This type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations in both copies of an autosomal gene. It is not related to mitochondrial gene mutations. C) Sex-linked disorder: This type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations in genes located on the sex chromosomes (X or Y). It is not related to mitochondrial gene mutations. D) Mitochondrial disorder: Mitochondrial disorders are genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes located in the mitochondria, the energy-producing structures within cells. These disorders are inherited maternally and can affect various organs and systems in the body due to the role of mitochondria in energy production.

3. What is the pH value of a neutral solution?

Correct answer:

Rationale: A neutral solution has a pH of 7. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

4. The WBC (white blood cell) type responsible for the initial attack on pathogens is:

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phagocytes. Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response by engulfing and destroying pathogens. They are the first line of defense against invading microorganisms, initiating the initial attack on pathogens. Red blood cells (option A) are responsible for carrying oxygen, not for immune responses. Platelets (option B) are involved in blood clotting. Lymphocytes (option D) are another type of white blood cell but are mainly responsible for specific immune responses rather than the initial attack on pathogens.

5. You test a new fertilizer on two groups of plants, one with fertilizer and one without. Both groups grow at the same rate. What is the most likely explanation?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A true control group should be identical to the test group except for the variable being tested. If both groups grew the same despite the fertilizer, it suggests external factors like soil nutrients masked any potential fertilizer effect.

6. What is the name for the tiny particles that make up atoms?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Protons, neutrons, and electrons are all subatomic particles that make up atoms.

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