Nursing Elites

1. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and organs that plays a vital role in:

• A. Transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells
• B. Carrying waste products away from tissues
• C. Regulating body temperature
• D. Producing red blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carrying waste products away from tissues. The lymphatic system is responsible for collecting excess fluid and waste products from tissues and returning them to the bloodstream for removal. This helps maintain fluid balance in the body and supports immune function by transporting white blood cells to fight infections. Options A, C, and D do not accurately describe the function of the lymphatic system. Transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells is primarily the role of the circulatory system, while regulating body temperature is controlled by the nervous system and producing red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow.

2. What checkpoint mechanism ensures all chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers before anaphase begins?

• A. Prometaphase
• B. Prometaphase
• C. Cyclin degradation
• D. Sister chromatid cohesion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) Prometaphase is the correct answer because it is the stage of mitosis where all chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers before anaphase begins. During prometaphase, the nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing the spindle fibers to attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes. This attachment is necessary for proper chromosome alignment and segregation during anaphase. B) Metaphase is incorrect because it is the stage where chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate but do not necessarily have all spindle fibers attached. C) Cyclin degradation is incorrect because it is a regulatory mechanism that controls the progression of the cell cycle but is not specifically related to ensuring all chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers. D) Sister chromatid cohesion is incorrect because it refers to the physical connection between sister chromatids that is maintained until anaphase, but it does not ensure that all chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers.

3. Which respiratory structure is responsible for the production of mucus to trap particles and for the movement of cilia to sweep mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract?

• A. Trachea
• B. Larynx
• C. Bronchi
• D. Respiratory epithelium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respiratory epithelium. The respiratory epithelium is a specialized tissue lining the respiratory tract that produces mucus to trap particles and contains cilia that beat in a coordinated manner to move the mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract. The trachea, larynx, and bronchi are all structures within the respiratory system, but they do not directly produce mucus or have cilia for sweeping particles. Therefore, the respiratory epithelium is the specific structure responsible for these functions.

4. The student studies diligently for her upcoming exam. Which word is the plural form of "study"?

• A. studies
• B. studying
• C. studied
• D. studier

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The plural form of a noun refers to more than one of that thing.

5. Which of the following best describes a chemical change?

• A. Melting ice to form water
• B. Dissolving sugar in water
• C. Burning wood to produce ash
• D. Crushing a can to reduce its size

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Chemical changes involve the formation of new substances with different chemical properties. Burning wood involves a chemical reaction where wood undergoes combustion, breaking down its chemical structure to produce new substances like ash and gases.

6. Which word completes the sentence: "Despite the storm, the concert ____ went on."

• A. nevertheless
• B. however
• C. therefore
• D. nonetheless

Correct answer: D

Rationale: "Nonetheless" emphasizes the continuation of the concert despite the contrary circumstance.

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