1. Lymph nodes, found along lymphatic vessels, are important for:

A. Storing blood
B. Producing antibodies
C. Filtering lymph and trapping harmful substances
D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Lymph nodes are important for various functions in the immune system. They filter lymph, trapping harmful substances like bacteria and viruses, which helps in preventing infections. Lymph nodes also play a crucial role in producing antibodies, which are essential for fighting off pathogens. Additionally, lymph nodes do not store blood; that is the function of the spleen. Therefore, the correct answer is D because lymph nodes perform all the mentioned functions in supporting the body's immune response.

2. Which of the following is a pair of nerves that originates from the brain?

A. Spinal nerves
B. Olfactory nerves
C. Sciatic nerve
D. Optic nerve

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Olfactory nerves, because they are a pair of cranial nerves that originate from the brain and are responsible for the sense of smell. Spinal nerves (option A) originate from the spinal cord, not the brain. The sciatic nerve (option C) is a large nerve that runs from the lower back down the back of each leg and also originates from the spinal cord, not the brain. The optic nerve (option D) is a cranial nerve that connects the eye to the brain, but it is not a pair of nerves that originates from the brain. Therefore, the olfactory nerves are the only pair of nerves listed that specifically originate from the brain.

3. A medication order is written as 3/4 of a tablet. If each tablet is 500mg, what is the equivalent dosage in milligrams?

A. 375mg
B. 425mg
C. 450mg
D. 475mg

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Multiply the tablet strength (500mg) by the fractional dose (3/4) to get 375 milligrams.

4. What is the main function of calcitonin, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland?

A. Stimulate metabolism and heat production
B. Increase calcium absorption from the intestines
C. Enhance bone growth and development
D. Lower blood calcium levels

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Lower blood calcium levels.' Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. It works by inhibiting the breakdown of bone, which in turn lowers the amount of calcium released into the bloodstream. This process helps to decrease blood calcium levels when they are too high. Options A, B, and C are not functions of calcitonin; instead, they are more closely associated with other hormones such as thyroid hormones, vitamin D, and growth hormone, respectively.

5. What is the functional group present in amines?

A. Hydroxyl
B. Carbonyl
C. Amine
D. Nitro

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Amines have the functional group -NHâ‚‚. The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

6. A patient's weight is measured as 75 kilograms. What is their weight in pounds?

A. 132 pounds
B. 150 pounds
C. 110 pounds
D. 85 pounds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: To convert kilograms to pounds, you can use the conversion factor 1 kilogram is approximately equal to 2.20462 pounds. Therefore, to convert 75 kilograms to pounds: 75 kilograms * 2.20462 pounds/kilogram ≈ 165.3475 pounds Rounded to the nearest whole number, the patient's weight of 75 kilograms is approximately 165 pounds. Among the given options, the closest weight in pounds to 165 is 150 pounds (option B).