Nursing Elites

1. One leadership theory states that “leaders are born and not made,” which refers to which of the

• A. Trait
• B. Charismatic
• C. Great Man
• D. Situational

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trait. The statement 'leaders are born and not made' aligns with the Trait theory of leadership, which suggests that certain individuals are born with innate qualities and characteristics that make them effective leaders. This theory focuses on identifying specific traits, such as intelligence, charisma, and self-confidence, that are believed to be inherent in successful leaders. Charismatic leadership (option B) emphasizes the charm and appeal of a leader, Great Man theory (option C) suggests that leaders are born with unique qualities that set them apart, and Situational leadership (option D) focuses on adapting leadership style based on the situation. However, the statement in the question best corresponds to the Trait theory, making option A the correct choice.

2. What is the best way to punctuate the dialogue "Are you coming?" she asked. "Maybe," I replied.

• A. "Are you coming?" she asked? "Maybe," I replied.
• B. "Are you coming?" she asked. "Maybe," I replied.
• C. "Are you coming?" she asked, "Maybe," I replied.
• D. "Are you coming?" she asked, "Maybe," I replied.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Each speaker's words need quotation marks, and the question mark should go inside the closing quotation mark of the question.

3. Which type of epithelium lines the inner surface of blood vessels?

• A. Simple squamous epithelium
• B. Simple columnar epithelium
• C. Stratified squamous epithelium
• D. Stratified columnar epithelium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Simple squamous epithelium lines the inner surface of blood vessels due to its thin structure and ability to facilitate easy diffusion of gases and nutrients between blood and surrounding tissues. This type of epithelium is well suited for areas where rapid exchange of materials is important, such as the lining of blood vessels. Simple columnar epithelium is typically found in areas where absorption and secretion occur, like the lining of the intestines. Stratified squamous epithelium is more commonly found in areas subject to wear and tear, such as the skin. Stratified columnar epithelium is not typically found in the inner surface of blood vessels, making it an incorrect choice.

4. Which type of white blood cell directly attacks and destroys pathogens like bacteria and viruses?

• A. Neutrophils
• B. Lymphocytes
• C. Monocytes
• D. Eosinophils

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response by directly attacking and destroying pathogens like bacteria and viruses. They are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are known for their rapid response to infections. Neutrophils work by engulfing and digesting pathogens through a process called phagocytosis. Lymphocytes (option B) are involved in adaptive immunity, producing antibodies and coordinating immune responses. Monocytes (option C) differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, playing a role in phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Eosinophils (option D) are primarily involved in combating parasitic infections and allergic reactions, not directly attacking bacteria and viruses.

5. Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be followed. Among the following standards, which is

• A. The patients verbalized satisfaction of the nursing care received
• B. Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient care personnel.
• C. All patients shall have their weights taken recorded
• D. Patients shall answer the evaluation form before discharge

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it is a clear and specific standard that can be easily measured and monitored. Weight recording is a fundamental aspect of patient care and is essential for tracking changes in health status. Verbalized satisfaction (option A) is subjective and may not be consistently measurable. Rotation of duty (option B) is important but may not be a standard developed by a nurse manager. Answering an evaluation form before discharge (option D) is important but may not be a standard created by Ms. Valencia for all patients.

6. Antigen-antibody binding is the principle behind:

• A. Vaccination
• B. Disinfection
• C. Sterilization
• D. antibiotic resistance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Antigen-antibody binding is the principle behind vaccination. When a vaccine containing antigens (weakened or killed pathogens) is introduced into the body, the immune system produces antibodies that bind to these antigens. This binding triggers an immune response, leading to the production of memory cells that provide immunity against future infections by the same pathogen. Vaccination helps the body develop immunity without causing the disease itself, thereby protecting individuals from infectious diseases. Disinfection and sterilization involve different processes to eliminate or reduce pathogens on surfaces or objects. Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon where bacteria evolve to resist the effects of antibiotics and is not directly related to antigen-antibody binding.

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