Nursing Elites

1. One leadership theory states that “leaders are born and not made,” which refers to which of the

• A. Trait
• B. Charismatic
• C. Great Man
• D. Situational

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trait. The statement 'leaders are born and not made' aligns with the Trait theory of leadership, which suggests that certain individuals are born with innate qualities and characteristics that make them effective leaders. This theory focuses on identifying specific traits, such as intelligence, charisma, and self-confidence, that are believed to be inherent in successful leaders. Charismatic leadership (option B) emphasizes the charm and appeal of a leader, Great Man theory (option C) suggests that leaders are born with unique qualities that set them apart, and Situational leadership (option D) focuses on adapting leadership style based on the situation. However, the statement in the question best corresponds to the Trait theory, making option A the correct choice.

2. The gland located on top of the kidneys responsible for regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance is the:

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Adrenal gland
• D. Parathyroid gland

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance by secreting hormones such as aldosterone and cortisol. The thyroid gland (A) regulates metabolism, the pituitary gland (B) controls other endocrine glands, and the parathyroid gland (D) regulates calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, the adrenal gland is specifically responsible for the functions mentioned in the question, making it the correct choice.

3. Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body and toward other neurons or muscles?

• A. Axon
• B. Dendrite
• C. Synapse
• D. Myelin sheath

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Axon.' The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or muscles. It acts as the primary transmission line of the nervous system, sending electrical signals known as action potentials. Dendrites, on the other hand, receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where communication occurs. The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the axon, speeding up the transmission of nerve impulses. Therefore, the axon is specifically responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body, making it the correct answer.

4. Discern the INCORRECT function of the liver.

• A. Bile production, aiding digestion.
• B. Blood protein synthesis, such as albumin.
• C. Glucose storage for energy regulation.
• D. Filtration of waste products from the blood.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Correct - The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. B) Correct - The liver is responsible for synthesizing blood proteins, including albumin, which helps maintain osmotic pressure in the blood. C) Correct - The liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen and helps regulate blood sugar levels by releasing glucose when needed. D) Incorrect - The liver does not filter waste products from the blood. Instead, the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them in the form of urine.

5. Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, plays a key role in regulating calcium levels in the blood by promoting calcium release from bones and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

• A. Calcitonin
• B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is produced by the parathyroid glands, not the thyroid gland. PTH plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood by promoting calcium release from bones and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. This hormone acts in opposition to calcitonin, which is produced by the thyroid gland and works to lower blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition into bones. Thyroxine (C) is a thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism, not calcium levels. Insulin (D) is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels, not calcium levels.

6. What is the common name for the organic compound CH₃OH?

• A. Methane
• B. Ethanol
• C. Methanol
• D. Butanol

Correct answer: C

Rationale: CH₃OH is commonly known as methanol. The other choices represent different organic compounds.

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