Nursing Elites

1. The adaptive immune system develops a targeted response to specific pathogens. What type of immune cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

• A. Natural killer cells
• B. Phagocytes
• C. Helper T cells
• D. B cells

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: B cells. B cells are a type of lymphocyte responsible for producing antibodies, which play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response. When a pathogen enters the body, B cells are activated and differentiate into plasma cells that secrete specific antibodies to target and neutralize the pathogen. Natural killer cells (A) are part of the innate immune system and are responsible for killing infected or abnormal cells. Phagocytes (B) are another type of innate immune cell that engulfs and digests pathogens. Helper T cells (C) play a vital role in coordinating the immune response but do not directly produce antibodies.

2. Two coherent light waves with a slight phase difference interfere. What determines the resulting intensity of the combined wave?

• A. The individual intensities of the waves
• B. The wavelength of the waves
• C. The distance between the waves
• D. The color of the waves

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The intensity of the resulting wave depends on the individual intensities and the phase difference between the interfering waves. Constructive interference leads to higher intensity, while destructive interference leads to lower intensity.

3. When making a dilution, you...

• A. Add more solute to a concentrated solution
• B. Change the temperature of the solution
• C. Decrease the concentration of a solution
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Decrease the concentration of a solution.' When making a dilution, you decrease the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent, not solute. Adding more solute to a concentrated solution would increase the concentration, not dilute it. Changing the temperature of the solution does not directly relate to dilution. Therefore, the only correct statement related to the process of making a dilution is that you decrease the concentration of the solution by adding more solvent, making option C the correct answer.

4. Which term refers to the condition where a muscle shortens in length while generating force, leading to movement at a joint?

• A. Isometric contraction
• B. Eccentric contraction
• C. Isotonic contraction
• D. Concentric contraction

Correct answer: d

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Concentric contraction. Concentric contraction occurs when a muscle shortens in length while generating force, resulting in movement at a joint. This type of contraction is commonly seen when lifting a weight in a bicep curl, for example. Isometric contraction, option A, refers to when the muscle generates force without changing length, eccentric contraction, option B, is when the muscle lengthens while generating force, and isotonic contraction, option C, involves the muscle maintaining a constant tension while changing length. Therefore, in the context of muscle movement and joint action, concentric contraction best describes the condition described in the question.

5. What is a lifestyle practice that can weaken the immune system?

• A. Getting enough sleep
• B. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
• C. Managing stress levels
• D. Frequent smoking

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Frequent smoking is a lifestyle practice that can weaken the immune system. Smoking has been linked to various health issues, including suppressing the immune system's ability to fight off infections and diseases. The chemicals in tobacco smoke can impair immune function, making smokers more susceptible to illnesses. On the other hand, getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and managing stress levels are practices that support a healthy immune system, rather than weaken it.

6. The framework of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that provides structure, support, and facilitates movement is the:

• A. Muscular system
• B. Skeletal system
• C. Nervous system
• D. Endocrine system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Skeletal system. The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that work together to provide structure, support, and facilitate movement in the body. The bones serve as the framework that supports and protects the body's organs, while cartilage cushions the joints. Ligaments connect bones to each other, and tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing for movement. The muscular system (choice A) consists of muscles that work with the skeletal system to produce movement. The nervous system (choice C) controls and coordinates bodily functions through the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The endocrine system (choice D) regulates various bodily functions through the release of hormones. Therefore, the skeletal system is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the framework of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that support and enable movement in the body.

Similar Questions