Nursing Elites

1. What type of sentence is the following: "Wow, what a beautiful sunset!"

• A. Interrogative sentence
• B. Declarative sentence
• C. Exclamatory sentence
• D. Imperative sentence

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sentence expresses an emotion ("Wow") and makes an exclamation, making it an exclamatory sentence.

2. The moon-shaped white structures at the base of fingernails are called:

• A. Lunulae
• B. Cuticle
• C. Hyponychium
• D. Matrix

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, "Lunulae." The moon-shaped white structures at the base of fingernails are called lunulae. These are most visible on the thumb and are the visible part of the nail matrix. The lunulae appear white because the nail matrix underneath is not visible due to its thickness. Cuticle (B) refers to the thin layer of skin at the base of the nail, hyponychium (C) is the skin located under the free edge of the nail, and matrix (D) is the tissue at the base of the nail where growth occurs. Therefore, the correct term for the moon-shaped white structures is lunulae.

3. What is the breakdown product of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) that provides energy for muscle contraction?

• A. Glucose
• B. Creatine phosphate
• C. ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
• D. Lactic acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: ADP (adenosine diphosphate). During muscle contraction, ATP is broken down into ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy that fuels the muscle contraction process. This energy release allows the muscle fibers to contract and perform work. Glucose is a source of energy that is broken down through cellular respiration to produce ATP but is not the direct breakdown product of ATP itself. Creatine phosphate is another energy storage molecule in muscles but is not the breakdown product of ATP. Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration when there is a lack of oxygen, and it is not the primary energy source for muscle contraction. Therefore, ADP is the correct breakdown product of ATP that provides energy for muscle contraction.

4. What property of a substance remains constant regardless of the amount of the substance present?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Density remains constant for a specific substance regardless of the quantity present. It's the mass per unit volume and remains the same for a substance.

5. What type of bond involves the complete transfer of electrons between atoms?

• A. Covalent bond
• B. Ionic bond
• C. Metallic bond
• D. Hydrogen bond

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ionic bond - Electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another, creating cations and anions with strong electrostatic attraction.

6. Which blood vessels are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?

• A. Veins
• B. Arteries
• C. Capillaries
• D. Venules

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They have thick and elastic walls to withstand the high pressure generated by the pumping action of the heart. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, while capillaries are tiny blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen and nutrients occurs. Venules are small veins that collect blood from capillaries and transport it to larger veins. Therefore, arteries are specifically designed to transport oxygenated blood away from the heart, making them the correct choice in this question.

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