Nursing Elites

1. Which type of mutation involves a change in the number of chromosomes?

• A. Point mutation
• B. Frameshift mutation
• C. Missense mutation
• D. Aneuploidy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Point mutation: Involves a change in a single nucleotide base pair within the DNA sequence. B) Frameshift mutation: Involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, causing a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code. C) Missense mutation: Involves a single nucleotide change that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. D) Aneuploidy: Involves a change in the number of chromosomes, where an individual may have an extra chromosome (trisomy) or a missing chromosome (monosomy). Aneuploidy can lead to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21) or Turner syndrome (monosomy X).

2. What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

• A. Transcribes DNA into mRNA
• B. Decodes the genetic code on mRNA
• C. Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes bas(a) Carries amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA), not ribosomal RNA. (b) Reads the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of the ribosomes as a whole, not just the ribosomal RNA. (d) Controls the rate of protein synthesis: This is a more complex process involving various factors, not solely ribosomal RNA. ? ed on the mRNA
• D. Modifies the structure of proteins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Transcribes DNA into mRNA: This is the function of RNA polymerase, not transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA is involved in protein synthesis, not transcription. B) Decodes the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of tRNA during translation. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and recognize the codons on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. C) Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific for a particular amino acid and carries it to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain. D) Modifies the structure of proteins: This is not a function of tRNA. Protein modification can occur after translation is complete and involves other cellular processes and molecules.

3. The process by which two or more species reciprocally influence each other's evolution through selection pressures exerted on one another is called:

• A. Convergent evolution
• B. Divergent evolution
• C. Coevolution
• D. Coevolution

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Convergent evolution refers to the process by which unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures. This does not involve reciprocal influence between species. B) Divergent evolution refers to the process by which two or more related species become more dissimilar over time due to different selection pressures. This also does not involve reciprocal influence between species. C) Coevolution is the process by which two or more species reciprocally influence each other's evolution through selection pressures exerted on one another. This can lead to a close ecological relationship between the species, such as in predator-prey interactions or mutualistic relationships. D) This option is a duplicate of option C.

4. Which element is a critical component of DNA and RNA, essential for storing and transmitting genetic information?

• A. Oxygen
• B. Carbon
• C. Nitrogen
• D. Hydrogen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Carbon's ability to form diverse bonds makes it the backbone of genetic molecules, enabling efficient information storage and transmission

5. What property of a wave is measured in Hertz (Hz)?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Wavelength
• C. Speed
• D. Frequency

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Frequency, the number of oscillations per second, is measured in Hertz (Hz).

6. Alexandra is tasked to organize the new wing of the hospital. She was given the authority to

• A. Benevolent –authoritative
• B. Consultative
• C. Exploitive-authoritative
• D. Participative

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Participative. In a participative leadership style, Alexandra would involve the team members in decision-making and encourage their input when organizing the new wing of the hospital. This approach fosters collaboration, empowers team members, and can lead to better outcomes as everyone's perspectives are considered. Benevolent-authoritative (A) involves a leader who is kind and caring but makes decisions independently. Consultative (B) involves seeking input from team members but making the final decision independently. Exploitive-authoritative (C) involves a leader who uses their authority in a self-serving or oppressive manner. In this scenario, with the task of organizing a new wing of the hospital, a participative approach would be most effective in engaging the team and utilizing their expertise.

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