Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the best approach to resolving conflicting scientific findings?

• A. Dismiss one set of findings as wrong without further investigation.
• B. Conduct additional research to identify potential sources of discrepancies.
• C. Accept the findings from the more prestigious research institution.
• D. Rely on media interpretations and public opinion to settle the debate.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When faced with conflicting scientific findings, the best approach is to conduct additional research to identify potential sources of discrepancies. This allows for a more thorough understanding of the topic and helps in resolving the conflicting findings through a scientific and evidence-based approach. Dismissing findings without further investigation, relying on prestige, or turning to media interpretations and public opinion can lead to misunderstandings and hinder scientific progress. Conducting additional research promotes a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the subject matter.

2. Reactions requiring light energy to proceed are classified as:

• A. Combustion reactions
• B. Endothermic reactions
• C. Photochemical reactions
• D. Double displacement reactions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Photochemical reactions." Photochemical reactions are a type of chemical reaction that requires light energy to proceed. During a photochemical reaction, light energy is absorbed by a substance, leading to changes in its chemical structure or properties. This process is different from combustion reactions (A), which involve the rapid combination of a fuel with oxygen to release heat and light energy. Endothermic reactions (B) absorb heat energy, not light energy, to proceed. Double displacement reactions (D) involve the exchange of ions between reactants, but do not specifically require light energy to occur. Therefore, the most appropriate classification for reactions requiring light energy is photochemical reactions.

3. A person throws a ball horizontally. What force changes the direction of the ball's motion?

• A. The force of throwing
• B. Gravitational force
• C. Air resistance
• D. Normal force from the ground

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a person throws a ball horizontally, the initial force that propels the ball forward is the force of throwing (A). However, the force that changes the direction of the ball's motion is the gravitational force (B), which acts vertically downward and causes the ball to follow a curved path. Air resistance (C) and normal force from the ground (D) do not directly change the direction of the ball's motion in this scenario.

4. A spring is stretched and released, causing an object attached to it to oscillate. What determines the frequency of the oscillations?

• A. The mass of the object
• B. The stiffness of the spring
• C. The initial displacement of the object
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The stiffness of the spring. Frequency depends on the spring constant and the mass, but the mass term cancels out in the formula for simple harmonic motion, leaving only the spring constant.

5. Edema is a condition characterized by swelling caused by a buildup of lymph fluid. What factors can contribute to edema?

• A. Regular exercise
• B. Maintaining a healthy weight
• C. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system
• D. Proper hydration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Edema is a condition where there is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body tissues, leading to swelling. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system can contribute to edema by hindering the proper drainage of lymph fluid. When the lymphatic system is not functioning efficiently, it can result in fluid retention and swelling in the affected areas. Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can actually help improve circulation and lymphatic flow, reducing the risk of edema. Proper hydration is important for overall health but specifically does not directly contribute to the development of edema as poor circulation or lymphatic blockages do.

6. Define "friction" in terms of opposing motion.

• A. A force that increases motion
• B. A force that accelerates motion
• C. A force that opposes motion
• D. A force that creates motion

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Friction acts opposite to the direction of motion, resisting or slowing down the movement of objects.

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