Nursing Elites

1. Deficiency of which hormone can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in children?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Testosterone
• C. Growth hormone
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Growth hormone. Growth hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in humans. Deficiency of growth hormone can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in children. Estrogen and testosterone are sex hormones responsible for sexual development and characteristics, but they do not directly impact growth. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and is not associated with stunted growth or developmental delays.

2. Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating various sensory inputs, regulating sleep, and maintaining wakefulness?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Hypothalamus
• C. Medulla oblongata
• D. Reticular formation

Correct answer: d

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reticular formation. The reticular formation is a network of neurons located in the brainstem that plays a crucial role in regulating consciousness, arousal, and sleep-wake transitions. It receives sensory inputs from various parts of the body and helps coordinate these inputs to maintain wakefulness and alertness. While the cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions and the hypothalamus regulates various physiological processes like body temperature and hunger, the reticular formation specifically focuses on integrating sensory information and controlling wakefulness.

3. How does friction affect motion?

• A. Friction increases speed
• B. Friction decreases speed
• C. Friction has no impact on speed
• D. Friction causes objects to float

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Friction opposes motion, leading to a decrease in speed or hindering movement.

4. What is the significance of cell division?

• A. Growth and repair of tissues
• B. Sexual reproduction
• C. Genetic diversity
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cell division is a fundamental process that is essential for the growth, repair, and reproduction of all living organisms. It plays a crucial role in ensuring that organisms maintain their proper size and shape, and it allows for the replacement of damaged or worn-out cells. Cell division is also essential for sexual reproduction, as it is the process by which haploid gametes (sex cells) are produced. These gametes fuse during fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which ultimately gives rise to a new organism.

5. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets and destroys which type of immune cell?

• A. Neutrophils
• B. Macrophages
• C. Helper T cells
• D. Memory B cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Helper T cells. HIV targets and destroys Helper T cells, which are a crucial component of the immune system responsible for coordinating the immune response. Neutrophils and macrophages are also important immune cells, but they are not the primary target of HIV. Memory B cells are responsible for mounting a rapid response upon re-exposure to a pathogen but are not the main target of HIV. Thus, HIV primarily affects Helper T cells, leading to the weakening of the immune system and the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

6. Which of the following glands is NOT directly controlled by the pituitary gland?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Adrenal glands
• C. Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
• D. Parathyroid glands

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it secretes hormones that control the functions of other endocrine glands. The thyroid gland (A), adrenal glands (B), and parathyroid glands (D) are directly controlled by the pituitary gland through the release of specific hormones. However, the pancreas, specifically the islets of Langerhans (C), is not directly controlled by the pituitary gland. The pancreas is regulated by hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which are not secreted by the pituitary gland. Therefore, option C is the correct answer as it is not directly influenced by the pituitary gland's hormonal regulation.

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