1. What is the main function of lysosomes?

A. Breaking down and recycling cellular waste
B. Storing carbohydrates
C. Synthesizing lipids
D. Transcribing DNA into mRNA

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main function of lysosomes is to break down and recycle cellular waste. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that help break down old or damaged organelles, foreign substances, and cellular debris. This process, known as autophagy, helps maintain cellular health and proper functioning. Storing carbohydrates (option B) is not a function of lysosomes; carbohydrates are typically stored in the form of glycogen in the cytoplasm or as starch in plant cells. Synthesizing lipids (option C) is primarily done by the endoplasmic reticulum and not by lysosomes. Transcribing DNA into mRNA (option D) is a function of the nucleus and not the lysosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is A: breaking down and recycling cellular waste.

2. Define "friction" in terms of opposing motion.

A. A force that increases motion
B. A force that accelerates motion
C. A force that opposes motion
D. A force that creates motion

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Friction acts opposite to the direction of motion, resisting or slowing down the movement of objects.

3. The phrase "green alternative" suggests that bioremediation is...

A. The most economical option for plastic cleanup.
B. Faster and more efficient than traditional methods.
C. Environmentally friendly and less harmful than other solutions.
D. More aesthetically pleasing than existing approaches.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage contrasts bioremediation with "traditional methods," explicitly linking it to being environmentally friendly.

4. How is power related to time?

A. Power is inversely proportional to time
B. Power is directly proportional to time
C. Power is unrelated to time
D. Power is the product of time and work

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, and it is not directly linked to time.

5. Identify the compound-complex sentence in the following options:

A. The baker decorated the cake, and then he presented it proudly.
B. Although it was raining, the children played outside.
C. When the sun rises, the birds begin to sing.
D. He enjoyed reading the book because it was suspenseful.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

6. Which of the following organelles is responsible for the production of proteins in the cell?

A. Ribosomes
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ribosomes. Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate the genetic code into proteins through a process called translation. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins for secretion, while mitochondria are responsible for energy production. Lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal within the cell.