Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of DNA in heredity?

• A. Provides energy for the cell
• B. Determines the structure and function of proteins
• C. Stores and transmits genetic information
• D. Controls cell division

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It stores genetic information in the form of a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). This genetic information is passed down from parents to offspring and is responsible for determining an organism's traits and characteristics. DNA does not provide energy for the cell (option A), determine the structure and function of proteins (option B), or control cell division (option D).

2. The human body's command center, integrating sensory information and coordinating movement and vital functions, is the:

• A. Lungs
• B. Brain
• C. Kidneys
• D. Stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Brain. The brain serves as the command center of the human body, receiving sensory information from various parts of the body and coordinating responses. It is responsible for controlling movement, regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate, and processing thoughts and emotions. The lungs (A), kidneys (C), and stomach (D) each have specific functions within the body, but they do not serve as the central command center like the brain does. Therefore, the brain is the correct answer to this question.

3. Muscle soreness after exercise is often caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers. This is called

• A. Atrophy
• B. Hypertrophy
• C. Dom (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
• D. Spasm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Muscle soreness after exercise is commonly caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers, leading to a condition known as Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). Atrophy refers to the shrinking of muscle due to inactivity or lack of use, which is not the cause of muscle soreness after exercise. Hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size through exercise, not related to muscle soreness. Spasm is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction unrelated to the micro-tears that cause muscle soreness. Therefore, the correct answer is C, DOMS, as it specifically addresses the micro-tears in muscle fibers that result in post-exercise soreness.

4. Identify the adjective in the following sentence: The colorful sunset painted the sky with vibrant hues.

• A. sunset
• B. with
• C. colorful
• D. painted

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns. The adjective "colorful" describes the noun "sunset".

5. What is the functional group present in esters?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ester
• D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Esters have the functional group -COO-, representing a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom. The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

6. Which structure contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell?

• A. Cytoplasm
• B. Nucleus
• C. Cell wall (only present in plant cells)
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nucleus. The nucleus is the organelle that contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell. It acts as the control center of the cell, regulating gene expression and coordinating cellular activities. The cytoplasm, option A, is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles, but it does not contain the genetic material. The cell wall, option C, is a rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection, but it does not house the DNA. The Golgi apparatus, option D, is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion, but it does not store the genetic material of the cell. Therefore, the nucleus is the structure that contains the genetic material in a cell.

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